Climate change and ocean acidification have been linked to the increase in global CO2 emissions. Several strategies have been proposed to minimize CO2 emissions, such as the deployment of renewable or nuclear energy, a shift from coal to shale and natural gas, and carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCSU). Among these strategies, CCSU is a promising solution that allows for the continued use of fossil fuels while alleviating CO2 emissions. In recent years, extensive efforts have been devoted to decreasing the operating and energy costs of capturing and concentrating CO2. Affordable CCSU operations could capture CO2 at point sources (e.g., power plants) and convert it to value-added chemicals or fuels.
Hydrogen (H2) is required for the thermochemical conversion of CO2. However, if H2 is generated from hydrocarbon sources, it produces CO2 as a byproduct. To achieve a net reduction in CO2 emissions, CO2 upgrading can use either molecular H2 produced from renewable sources or protons in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Alternatively, light alkanes can be used as the source of H2 to activate and...
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