The Role of Human Microbiome in the Cause and Prevention of Cancer

The millions of organisms that make up the human microbiome play an important role in both health and disease. Within the human body, different types of microbes occupy specific body sites and support the functions of these organs; for example, bacteria living in the gut aid in digestion. Additionally, a disturbance of the microbiome can have a negative impact on health. Altered gut bacteria have been linked to several diseases, including Inflammatory bowel disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, Obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In addition to digestion, microbes are also support immune function, metabolism, and reproduction. While microbes play an important role in maintaining human health, they are also involved in the development and progression of some cancers. Notably, there is evidence to suggest that the microbiome can influence patient responses to cancer treatments (see details below). Scientists are now focused on understanding how microbes influence health, disease, and responses to medical treatments.