Steam tracing and other thermal maintenance applications are critical to production, but heated fluids can suffer from low temperatures, non-ideal viscosity, and resultant stagnated flow issues. The cause can often be attributed to design or routing of tracing methods, or that the steam traps...

Industry personnel often perceive low-pressure tanks as being less dangerous than pressure vessels, particularly due to their less stringent standards for design and construction.  However, this approach overlooks the fact that a typical low-pressure tank can often contain more material and...

This article will overview industrial cybersecurity. It will begin with a high-level description of how industrial control systems function in practice and where security incidents can originate in the system. The article may give a brief histroy of cyberattacks on industrial control systems and...

As an engineer, you may end up working on a project for a local government or one that requires the input and approval of a local government. If you don’t understand how governments are structured and funded, interacting with these bodies will be challenging from the start. ...

Distillation has been shown to account for 49% of the industrial separation energy consumption in the U.S. Analysis of separation energy requirements shows that raising product concentrations from...

Qualification testing, albeit beneficial, should never be the sole basis for a valve purchasing decision. 

Qualification testing benefits the purchaser and manufacturer but should never be the sole basis for a purchasing decision. It is only part of the information...

Capital cost estimation techniques in the chemical process industries (CPI) largely rely on scaling relationships. Understanding how scaling relationships relate to equipment characteristics enables them to be more effectively used, even when specific data is not available....