Effective Municipal Wastewater Treatment at Low-Cost Using Coagulation/Precipitation Followed By Nano-Disinfection

Conventional wastewater treatment plants suffering from several industrial effluents overlap, trihalomethane (byproduct after free chlorine disinfection), and high construction cost. This study successfully prepared and compared a novel mixing of coagulants ferric/ferrous chloride (50:50) with other traditional individual coagulants such as ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, and aluminum chloride for domestic wastewater treatment. The results obtained indicated that the mixture of ferric/ferrous chloride is more efficient than other coagulants to meet the requirements of the Egyptian code for reuse of treated wastewater in different agricultural applications. Also, this study successfully replaced traditional chlorine addition by low-cost green synthesis of nano-Zero Valent Iron (GT-nZVI) for tertiary wastewater treatment. A continuous flow system was successfully built to achieve the treatment requirements in an economical and fast way. Finally, this study strongly supported using the proposed system rather than traditional wastewater treatment technologies in decentralized wastewater treatment units to overcome the combination of industrial effluents to the municipal wastewater networks and to reduce hazardous material produced after using traditional chlorine disinfectant.