(378f) Enhancing Functional Properties through a Layered Hierarchy of Nanocomposites through 3D Printing

Nanoparticle-reinforced composites are known for their anisotropic behavior and improved physical and chemical properties, but optimal performance requires uniform dispersion, strong particle-matrix interaction, and high particle alignment. While conventional manufacturing excels in uniform dispersion and strong interactions, high alignment of particles is difficult to achieve. 3D printing has the potential to achieve precise nanoparticle alignment of various dimensions and provide customizable structures with reduced lead time and material waste. In this study, a novel nozzle design inspired by natural layered architectures is introduced, which enables the production of composites with a layered structure. This nozzle can simultaneously process two immiscible feedstocks and arrange them in an alternating ABAB fashion, with the number of layers adjustable to influence the alignment and packing coefficients of nanoparticles and polymers. Integrated into the multiphase direct ink writing mechanism, the nozzle allows for fiber fabrication and micropatterning for electronic devices. Various combinations of polymers and nanoparticles can be used for applications like textile fabrics, thermal management devices, smart materials, and soft robotics. The approach combines the advantages of 3D printing, high nanoparticle alignment, and modular design, providing new possibilities for the fabrication of advanced composites with tailored properties.