Cooling water is used for heat rejection in most process plants. Evaporative Cooling Towers are commonly used to dissipate heat from industrial process operations by cooling water through a combination of heat and mass transfer. An evaporative cooling tower can operate over a...
The focus of environmental remediation has historically been on groundwater protection. Over the last 10 to 15 years, that focus has shifted to include vapor intrusion (VI) mitigation, particularly of solvent and gasoline vapors, which are common concerns at numerous sites throughout the...
This paper discusses the significance of considering cybersecurity threats during a PHA/HAZOP. A step-by-step and systematic technique is presented to show how a PHA team could assess the vulnerability of a system or facility to potential cyber threats, analyze adequacy of safeguards, and...