January 2013 | AIChE

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January 2013

Carbon Treatment

In a drinking water purification process, the removal of Colloids by Adsorption on Activated Charcoal. This step often improves the color, taste, and odor of drinking water.

Centrifugation

In water and wastewater treatment, a method used to remove liquid from sludges through use of centrifugal forces.

Cesspool

An underground catch basin for combined liquid and solid waste, such as household sewage, so designed as to retain the organic matter and solids but permitting the liquids to seep through the bottom and sides.

Chlorinated

Describes water or wastewater that has been treated with either chlorine gas or a chlorine-containing compound.

Chlorination

The application of chlorine or one of its compounds to water or wastewater, often for disinfection or oxidation purposes.

Chlorine

One of a group of elements classified as the halogens. Chlorine, Cl2, the most common halogen, is a greenish yellow gas with an irritating odor. Chlorine is very reactive; it forms salts with metals, forms acids when dissolved in water, and combines readily with hydrocarbons. Various forms of...

Chlorine Breakpoint

The point at which the chlorine dosage in a water treatment process has satisfied the Chlorine Demand. To eliminate the taste and odor associated with processed water, sufficient chlorine must be added to reach the breakpoint. Increasing the chlorine dose beyond the breakpoint produces a free...

Clean Water Act (CWA) [Public Law 92–500]

More formally referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Clean Water Act constitutes the basic federal water pollution control statute for the United States. Originally based on the Water Quality Act of 1965, which began setting water quality standards. The 1966 amendments to this...

Clean Water Standards (EPA)

Generally refers to any enforceable limitation, control, condition, prohibition, standard, or other requirement which is promulgated pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) [Public Law 92–500] or contained in a permit issued to a discharger by the U.S. Environmental...

Commercial Water Use (Withdrawals)

Water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, and other commercial facilities and institutions, both civilian and military. The water may be obtained from a public supply or may be self supplied. The terms “water use” and “water withdrawals” are equivalent, but not the same as...

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