Chemical Engineering Practice

Modeling of LNG Spills Into Trenches and Troughs

Apr 5, 2012
Nicolas F. Ponchaut
Trenches and troughs are commonly used in LNG storage and transfer facilities to contain potential LNG spills. The trenches are concrete-lined rectangular channels dug into the ground. They are typically slightly inclined from the horizontal to direct the flow of LNG towards the sump and they are...

Hydroprocessing Design - Tutorial

Apr 4, 2012
Stuart Shih
Hydroprocessing or hydrotreating is the key technology to clean, to refine, and to convert crude oils into valuable products, such as gasoline and diesel. It covers a wide range of feed stocks and numerous configurations. The tutorial will discuss process configuration, material selection, and heat...

Design Considerations for Diesel Hydrotreaters

Apr 4, 2012
Ian M. Glasgow
In 2006, the United States EPA mandated the use of 15 ppmw ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) for on-road diesel fuel. At that time several refiners either revamped existing facilities or constructed grass roots facilities to meet the specification. Some facilities did not implement ULSD process...

Tutorial on Hydroprocessing: ìHydroprocessing Catalysts and Processesî

Apr 4, 2012
Paul Robinson
The products of petroleum refining must meet tight specifications, including limits on sulfur, nitrogen, olefins, aromatics, and other contaminants. Hydrotreating removes these contaminants from distilled crude oil fractions and intermediate process streams. Hydrocracking converts heavy oil...

Anti-Surge Methods for the Base Load LNG Plant Propane Compressor

Apr 4, 2012
J. C. Kuo
The propane compressor represents a significant capital investment and operating expense of a LNG plant, and is an essential component in providing revenue streams of the plant. Therefore, operation and protection of the propane compressor are critical issues in the plant design and operation. The...

Hydrocracking - An Overview

Apr 4, 2012
The paper will present an overview of the Hydrocracking process as applied in the refineries today. It will cover Mild Hydrocracking, Partial Conversion Hydrocracking, Full Conversion Hydrocracking, Hydrocracker/FCC integration, Hydrocracker/Ethylene Steam Cracker integration and Production of Lube...

Simple Opportunities for Improving Energy Efficiency

Apr 4, 2012
Energy efficiency has become an important theme in the process industries, and many companies have implemented sophisticated strategies to improve both the design and the operation of their plants. However, many efficiency improvements are possible simply by doing basic things right. This article...

Hydrotreating of Biooils to Jet Fuels: An Overview

Apr 4, 2012
Maoqi Feng
This paper will give an overview of the current status of jet fuels production from hydrotreating of biooils, including vegetable oils and microalgae oils. Hydrotreating of biooils is different from the conventional hydrotreating process; there are two reasons: 1) Different routes. There are at...

Appropriate Placement of Compressors and Expanders

Apr 4, 2012
Truls Gundersen
The term “Appropriate Placement” was introduced in Pinch Analysis during the 1980s to indicate how special unit operations should be correctly integrated with the background process to ensure maximum energy savings. Pinch Analysis has provided guidelines for the design of heat exchanger networks as...

Guidelines for Jetting and Flashing LNG Vapor Exclusion Zone Analysis

Apr 4, 2012
Delmar R. Morrison
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has been a growing energy resource in the U.S., for which significant import and storage infrastructure was developed in the past decade. The infrastructure for liquefaction and export has also been developing as a result of recent shale gas finds in North America. In...

Synthesis and Optimisation of Demethaniser Flowsheets for NGL Recovery

Apr 4, 2012
Muneeb Nawaz
Synthesis and Optimisation of Demethaniser Flowsheets for NGL Recovery Muneeb Nawaz 1 , Megan Jobson 2 , Adrian Finn 1 1. Costain - Energy & Process, Costain House, Styal Road, Manchester, M22 5WN 2. Centre for Process Integration, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science,...

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