Page 45 - Process Safety and the Energy Transition: Battery Technology

NFPA. (2025, June 4). NFPA 69 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems. Retrieved from National Fire
Protection Association: https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-69-standard-
development/69

NRC. (2021, June 1). Lithium-ion battery safety primer: for use, storage and disposal. Retrieved from
National Research Council Canada: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=6512acce-
9abc-48d2-9f84-1200a810ac66
NRC CNRC. (2025, March 28). Lithium-ion battery safety primer: for use, storage and disposal. Retrieved
from National Research Council Canada: https://nrc-
publications.canada.ca/eng/view/ft/?id=6512acce-9abc-48d2-9f84-1200a810ac66
NTSB. (2020, November 13). Safety Risks to Emergency Responders from Lithium-Ion Battery Fires in Electric
Vehicles. Retrieved from National Transportation Safety Board:
https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SR2001.pdf
OSHA. (2023, August 1). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Retrieved from United States
Department of Labor: https://www.osha.gov/laws-
regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.119

Renewable Energy World. (2025, January 22). Locals request total shutdown of Moss Landing as California
Governor calls for investigation into battery storage fire. Retrieved from Renewable Energy World:
https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/energy-storage/battery/locals-request-total-shutdown-
of-moss-landing-as-california-governor-calls-for-investigation-into-battery-storage-
fire/?related=content_recs

Reuters. (2024, June 24). Blaze at South Korea lithium battery plant kills 22 workers. Retrieved from
Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/about-20-bodies-found-after-fire-south-
korea-battery-plant-yonhap-reports-2024-06-24/
RS. (2023). Accident Investigation: Fire in container for battery energy storage, Gothenberg 2023-04-26.
Raddningstjansten Storgoteborg, Gothenberg, Sweden.

Sandia. (2025, March 12). Energy Storage Overview. Retrieved from Sandia National Laboratories:
https://sandia.gov/ess-ssl/docs/swpuc/Byrne_Energy_storage_101_SAND2016-4387.pdf

Sandia. (2025, May 6). Sodium-based Battery Technologies. Retrieved from Sandia National Laboratories:
https://www.sandia.gov/app/uploads/sites/163/2022/02/ESHB_Ch4_Sodium_Spoerke-1.pdf

Security Informed. (2025, June 4). BESS Fire Prevention With FLIR Thermal Cameras. Retrieved from
Security Informed: https://www.securityinformed.com/news/flir-thermal-imaging-early-detection-
bess-co-2752-ga.1740639465.html?ref=red-pop-us
Shelton, G. A. (2022). Quantifying and Mitigating Lithium-Ion Battery Hazards. Spring 22 + 18th GCPS, San
Antonio, TX. New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
TCE. (2025, June). Preventing the Next Battery Incident: Rethinking Battery Energy Storage Safety. The
Chemical Engineer(1,008), 40 - 43.

UK. (2024, April 18). Health and safety in grid scale electrical energy storage systems. Retrieved from UK
Department for Energy Security & Net Zero: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/grid-
scale-electrical-energy-storage-systems-health-and-safety/health-and-safety-in-grid-scale-
electrical-energy-storage-systems-accessible-webpage

43
Process Safety and the Energy Transition: Battery Technology
© AIChE 2025. All rights reserved. Reproduction for non-commercial, educational purposes is encouraged.
However, reproduction for any commercial purpose without express written consent of AIChE is strictly prohibited.