Haemoperfusive Membrane Encapsulated Activated Charcoal Packed Column Artificial Kidney in Replacing Haemodialysis

Blood has both Newtonian and non-Newtonian characters, Using this unique natural constituents of blood, concentration gradient ( DC) based hollow fiber  membrane haemodialysis was conceptualized early in 16^th centuries, figure extreme left top. Hollow fiber haemodialysis reactor, figure extreme right has been in recent development and is being extremely used in most of the kidney dialyzing centre, where primarily the concentration gradient(DC) is used. They are very popular in performing various toxic separations (including blood creatinine and urea of uremia patients). However it was observed that the availability and the cost of such dialyzing hollow fiber reactor (Artificial Kidney AK) are not very affordable, specially in developing countries. A packed column membrane encapsulated activated charcoal, figure top right. The pack column is made by a magazine (sack) to be placed in the empty reactor vessel covered and pressed by the upper lead through spiral thread, suitable in changing the sacks. The sacks are filled with AC (activated cells, membrane encapsulated activated charcoal and or some other non-toxic natural absorbent), and was placed inside the AK (reactor). According to the reductions of creatinine level, some absorbents show useful result in separating toxin molecules. A combined diffusive and convective activity of toxins (Uric acids) removals from blood is proposed and such haemoperfusive packed columns significantly improved the overall clearance of toxins from blood. Medical trials are need to be completed  The convective component is particularly important for the transport of middle molecules in which the diffusive component becomes small due to rapid increasing of concentration polarization on the membrane surface, and decreasing nature of membrane permeability with increasing molecular weight (Mw) have been satisfied  partially  by  pakedcolum absorptive system. The concentration of uric acid is measured by governing equations; Ln C = A. Co/ Ct . V_R, where C= Concentration and D= diffusivity and V_R= Volume of the reactor. AC (Artificial cells), A = Membrane surface area and membrane permeability. Membrane encapsulated activated charcoal are designed according to the nature of uremia MM (Middle Molecular structure), that to be absorbed through membrane to activated absorbents. In such cases the two membrane activities were considered, one is transporting from blood inside sack membrane to outside dialysis fluid, and the other moves from blood to AC, towards membrane encapsulated absorbents, which was disposed off time to time, when AC activities are found reduced.