(162a) Design of Safe Lng Regasification Terminals
AIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process Safety
2008
2008 Spring Meeting & 4th Global Congress on Process Safety
AIChE / ACS Jointly Co-sponsored Sessions
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - Safety I
Wednesday, April 9, 2008 - 8:30am to 8:50am
Assuring the design of safe onshore LNG receiving, storage, and regasification terminals requires careful consideration of numerous site- and facility-specific factors. This paper will present an overview of design strategies to eliminate, mitigate, and control risks.
Examples of site specific factors include the following:
? Facility footprint; equipment spacing and layout
? Existing infrastructure such as pipelines for natural gas and LPG
? Single site vs. Split site terminal
? Site accessibility to external waste heat sources such as power plants, refineries, etc.
? Natural hazards; seismic activity, severe weather or sea states
? Stability of subsoils; settlement during facility life
? Proximity to the public, shipping lanes, and air traffic
? Global and internal security
This paper will focus on the following considerations:
? Effect on rollover potential of feedstock composition and variability
? Identification of design basis LNG spill scenarios, spill collection and disposal
? Methods of BTU control and potential for LPG spills
? Unloading facilities including the design of unloading arms and headers to minimize spill size
? Design of LNG spill containment systems to minimize thermal radiation and flammable gas exclusion zones
? Choice of insulating concrete properties
? Judicious use of secondary and tertiary containment
? Overboard discharge of LNG during a spill event, including RPT overpressures
? Type of piping (for example, above ground or buried, single or vacuum-jacketed, etc.) including upgraded specifications for FRP piping
? High pressure LNG pipe work blow down and isolation
? Type of LNG storage tanks and ancillary equipment
? Effects of LNG high pressure pumping system on safety
? Selection of vaporizers and heating media including waste heat recovery systems
? Vapor fences
? Use of water curtains to disperse cold LNG vapors
? Integrated fire protection and risk management strategies
Where appropriate, advantages of design solutions will be illustrated with consequence modeling.
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