(397h) Synthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Material By a Carbonate Co-Precipitation from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

14.0pt;font-family:" times new roman>Synthesis of LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂
cathode material by a carbonate co-precipitation from spent lithium-ion
batteries

text-indent:16.5pt;layout-grid-mode:char"> 11.0pt;font-family:" calibri>Lei
Xing (speaker)^{1, 2}, Shuying Sun^1,2, Sen Lin^1,2,
Ping Li^1,2, Jianguo Yu^1,2*

layout-grid-mode:char"> " times new roman>1.     
National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of
Salt Lake Resources, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai,
China, 200237.

layout-grid-mode:char"> " times new roman>2.     
State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China
University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200237.

*Speaker
and corresponding authors: E-mail: xinglei8406@126.com, jgyu@ecust.edu.cn

Abstract: font-family:" times new roman>

The spent
lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are classified as hazardous solid wastes because
they contain toxic heavy metals and corrosive electrolytes. However, they
contain various valuable metals such as copper, aluminum, magnesium, nickel,
cobalt and lithium. Recycling of valuable metals from spent LIBs mitigate both
resource shortage and environmental contamination problems ^[1]. So,
the aim of this work is to present a promising approach for recycling high
value-added metals from the cathode material of spent LIBs.

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In this work, LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂
cathode material is synthetized by a carbonate co-precipitation using the
leaching liquid of font-family:" times new roman>spent LIBs as raw stocks. Firstly, the spent LIBs are manually dismantled to remove both the metal
cases and plastic, and the cathodic material is separated from the Al foil by
ultrasonic cleaning in the solvent 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone ^[2]. The
valuable elements such as nickel, manganese and cobalt are obtained by leaching
in sulfuric acid, and NiSO₄¡¤6H₂O, CoSO₄¡¤7H₂O
and MnSO₄¡¤H₂O are added into leaching solution to obtain
the raw stocks for the Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2CO₃
precursor through adjusting the molar radio of
Ni: Co: Mn = 6: 2: 2. Secondly, the Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2CO₃
precursor is synthesized by a carbonate co-precipitation method using the
prepared raw stocks from leaching solution of spent
LIBs. Thirdly, the Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2CO₃
precursor is mixed with Li₂CO₃ at a Li/M (M=sum of Ni, Co
and Mn) molar ratio 1.06, and the mixture is calcinated at 800-850¡æ under
oxygen atmosphere to fabricate LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂
cathode material. Finally, the advanced characterization methods (XRD, ICP-AES
TG-DSC SEM-EDS) are used to demonstrate the synthetized
LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ cathode
material having a well-ordered layered structure and a low degree of cation
mixing.

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 Furthermore,
the electrochemical performance of the synthesized LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂
cathode material is tested in CR2025 coin cells. Electrochemical test methods
include initial charge-discharge, continuous charge¨Cdischarge cycling, cyclic
voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the
initial charge and discharge capacities of the LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂
cathode material is 194.5mAh/g and 169.3mAh/g, and the initial coulombic
efficiency is 87.05% when the initial charge-discharge curves are at a constant
current density of 0.1C between 2.7V and 4.3V. The
electrochemical performance of the prepared cathode material using the leaching
liquid of spent LIBs is consistent with those of the cathode material
synthetized from fresh materials. So, the proposed synthesis process has
great potential for industrial-scale recycling from spent LIBs.

References: 

char">[1] D.H.P. Kang, M. Chen, O.A.Ogunseitan, Potential environmental
and human health impacts of rechargeable lithium
batteries in electronic waste, Environ. Sci. Technol. 47 (2013) 5495-5503.

char">[2] L.H. He, S.Y. Sun, X.F. Song, J.G. Yu, Recovery of cathode
materials and Al from spent lithium-ion batteries by ultrasonic cleaning ,
Waste Manag. 46 (2015) 523-528.

margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:16.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-16.5pt;layout-grid-mode:char">Keywords:
lithium-ion batteries, cathode material, carbonate co-precipitation