(641f) Pyrolytic Liquid Yields From Bamboo Species (Bambusa Oldhamii and Bamboo Angustifolia) | AIChE

(641f) Pyrolytic Liquid Yields From Bamboo Species (Bambusa Oldhamii and Bamboo Angustifolia)

Authors 

Pliego-Bravo, Y. S. - Presenter, Instituto Tecnologico de Orizaba
Cervantes- Pesado, L., INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE ORIZABA
BolaÑos-Reynoso, E., Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba



PYROLYTIC LIQUID YIELDS FROM BAMBOO SPECIES (Bambusa Oldhamii and Bamboo Angustifolia)

Abstract

A characterization of the species of bamboo (Bambusa Oldhamii and Guadua Angustifolia) with respect to compositional analysis, elemental analysis and thermochemical calorific using as a carrier gas, nitrogen, to identify desirable traits for subsequent use in a thermal conversion process such as pyrolysis, this energetic process provides greater value to convert biomass into a liquid fuel. Moisture content lignin degradation temperatures and ash content are indicators to determine the ideal raw material for conversion to a renewable process.

Introduction
Among the new alternatives that have been implemented for reducing the amount of emissions of CO, SOx, NOx, there being a source of biomass energy that partially replaces fossil fuels and decreases the concentration of these gases emitted into the atmosphere. (Zhang et al, 2007). Immediate analysis, elemental and calorific thermochemical analysis are useful in the understanding of the properties of the species to consider a material as an energy source, allowing to know the effective thermochemical process for producing a biofuel (Bridgwater, 2001 and Brown 2011). In this paper we characterize the species of bamboo (GA and BO) to propose an alternative to using craft or promote the efficient use of waste generated by the industry based on the characterizations mentioned above in order to obtain a liquid fuel

Methodology
 The proximate analysis, elemental, calorific power and thermogravimetric were performed these are described below.

Materials
In lignocellulosic analysis were used: Ethanol analytical reagent grade (99.5% purity), analytical reagent grade sulfuric acid (98.2% purity), analytical reagent grade toluene, analytical reagent grade nitric acid (69% purity) all of J. T. Baker and distilled water. In thermochemical analysis was used 99% pure nitrogen and air.

Immediate analysis
Establishes the relative amounts of moisture (ASTM D 2867-99), volatile matter (ASTM D 5832-98), fixed carbon, ash (ASTM D 2866-99). Get the amount of carbon fixed subtracting the amounts of ash and volatile matter of a total of 100%.

Elemental analysis and calorific power
The amounts of C, H, N and S of the constituents of bamboo species were estimated experimentally using elemental analyzer (Vario EL III) based on moisture and ash free (LHC), the oxygen obtained by difference. The calorific value was estimated by the equation Reed and Das (1998) expressed in MJ / Kg.

Thermochemical analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis were performed with a non-isothermal model held in the TG Mettler Toledo 851e with software version Star.  Samples between 6-10 mg were analyzed, studies were carried out using nitrogen and air, and before each experiment was performed a nitrogen purge for 10 min to all samples with a flow of 100 mL / min.

Getting pyroligneous liquids
For testing proceeded with an experimental 32 where the factors were time (15, 30 and 60 min) and the temperature (350, 500 and 600 ° C) for each of the species studied. These were carried out on a laboratory scale reactor with stainless steel fixed bed capacitors and nitrogen supply 200 mL / min.

Results and discussion

Moistures were between 16-17%, whereby the raw material was suitable for a thermochemical process. The high ash contents cause slag deposits on equipment deteriorating and decreasing the life thereof. The species studied showed percentages of 4.92 of ash for BO and 3.33 for  GA making it attractive for use in these applications. Low fixed carbon content was related to the age of the material, in young bamboo lignin was removed easily due to low contents of total polysaccharides and cellulose, whereas an older kind more lignin is harder removing (Garcia et al, 2009).

The calorific value was obtained by correlations of Reed and Das (1998). In thermochemical analysis TGA curves showed that the decomposition of the species begins about 300 ° C, the displacement of the curves to the right with increasing temperature. For Bambusa oldhamii degradation stabilized  550 ° C to 600 ° C heating speeds of 15 and 25 ° C / min, while at 5 ° C / min stabilized at 500 ° C. In the case of Guadua angustifolia behavior was observed for more stable speeds of 5 and 15 ° C / min stabilizing at approximately 480 ° C whereas at 25 ° C / min from around 540 ° C. For older BO liquid yields were achieved at 600 ° C with 46 ± 0.5% in the times of 30 and 60 min, for the species GA best performance was obtained at 600 ° C for a time of 60 min of 43 ± 2%.

Referencias

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