Source Term Modeling of Vapor Cloud Formation During a Cryogenic Liquid Spill Based on a Boiling Model by CFD Method Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 4, 2012The formation of a flammable vapor cloud following a spill of cryogenic liquids, such as ammonia and LNG (liquefied natural gas), on a ground or...
Enhancing Fire Risk Evaluations of Offshore Platforms Using Finite Element Analysis Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 4, 2012The advanced software (FAHTS) and (USFOS) enhances the capabilities of risk evaluations and fire simulations regarding survivability of offshore...
Comparing PHA Review Techniques - A Case History on Review Meeting Dynamics and Missed Hazards Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 3, 2012Complete, thorough, and correct process safety management depends to a large extent on complete, thorough, and correct process hazard identification...
Propagation of a Vapor Cloud Detonation from a Congested Into An Uncongested Area Demonstration Test and Impact on Blast Load Prediction Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 3, 2012The potential for a deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) to occur in an unconfined vapor cloud explosion (VCE) with high reactivity flammable...
Selection of Appropriate Ignition Models for Fire and Explosion Assessments Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 3, 2012A release of flammable substances can result in various fire or explosion events depending on whether there is an immediate or delayed ignition...
LIKELIHOOD of IGNITION of RELEASED FLAMMABLES: CCPS Book—Scope, Status, and Relationship to Other CCPS Books Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 15, 2011When a flammable material is released from process equipment, the result may be a fire, an explosion, or the release may simply dissipate with no...
A Frequency Based Approach to Hole Size Selection for Consequence Analysis Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 15, 2011When performing a consequence based facility siting study, it is often necessary to choose a criteria for the maximum credible hole size that is the...
CFD Modeling Applications to Hydrogen Vehicle Explosion Safety Studies Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 14, 2011The introduction of alternate fuel vehicles leads to new safety challenges. This is particularly relevant in the case of hydrogen vehicles, as...
Inherently Safer Design – Not Only about Reducing Consequences! Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 14, 2011Process risk is a function of both the likelihood of occurance of an incident, and of the consequences of the incident. There is a common perception...
Two-Phase Jet Releases and Droplet Dispersion: Rainout Experiments and Model Validation Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 14, 2011Many accidents involve two-phase releases of hazardous chemicals into the atmosphere. Rainout results in reduced concentrations in the remaining...
Comparison of Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) Criteria with Test Data From Unconfined Ethylene-Air Vapor Cloud Explosion Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 13, 2011Deflagration to detonation transitions (DDT) were previously observed in a set of large-scale unconfined vapor cloud explosion (VCE) tests involving...
Condensation Induced Water Hammer: Principles and Consequences Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 23, 2010An explosion occurred in the boiler room of a food processing plant as the steam generation system was coming online after a maintenance shutdown...
A Framework for Human Error Analysis of Emergency Situations Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 23, 2010Human factors play an important role in the escape, evacuation and rescue process. Human factors analysis is rooted in the concept that the frequency...
Atmospheric Storage Tank Explosion Modeling Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010Many flammable products are usually stored in large vessels at atmospheric pressure. Ignition of an hydrocarbon-air mixture in such tanks can lead to...
Optimizing Facility Siting and Layout through Mapping Risk Estimates on Plant Area and Monetizing Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010This research is focused on suggesting the methodology to find optimal placement for hazardous facilities and other process plant buildings using...
Consequence Modeling of Chlorine Release Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010This paper describes the Consequence Modeling of Chlorine release from a Chlor Alkali plant as a part of Process Hazard Analysis. The objective was...
Modeling Small Releases from Tanks Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010The methodologies in the chapter on “Dispersion Modeling” in the CCPS book Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases, provide means...
The Use of Quantitative Risk Assessment to Site Temporary Trailers and Portable Buildings Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010The American Petroleum Institute (API) developed Recommended Practice (RP) 753 to provide guidance for siting portable buildings in petrochemical...
Update of “Guidelines to Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE and Flash Fire Hazards” Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 22, 2010The first edition of the CCPS book Guidelines to Evaluating Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fired and BLEVEs was published in 1994. Since that time...
Modeling the National Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Supply Chain and Effects of Disruption Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 21, 2010Chlorinated hydrocarbons represent the precursors for products ranging from PVC and refrigerants to pharmaceuticals. Natural or manmade disruptions...
Consistent Consequence Severity Estimation Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 21, 2010LOPA, as a semi-quantitative analysis, often provides inconsistent results. This can be due to physical differences between units but often it is due...
Lifecycle Physical Hazards of Polystyrene Foam Board Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 21, 2010Polymer Foam Boards have been widely used for individual home and general building, from roofs and/or walls down to foundation, for example. On the...
A Fuel Ratio Method for Estimating the MESG of Nitrogen-Diluted and Oxygen-Enriched Fuels, Including the Brandes-Redecker Method to Estimate the MESG of Mixed Fuels Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 21, 2010Properly specifying electrical equipment for hazardous (classified) areas requires information about certain properties of the materials anticipated...
Simulating the Consequences of a HF Release and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Safeguards to Reduce Those Consequences Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 21, 2010
Real World Applications of API 753 Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 28, 2017The first edition of American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommend Practice (RP) 753 - Management of Hazards Associated with Location of Process Plant...
Hydrogen Jet Vapor Cloud Explosion: a Model for Predicting Blast Size and Application to Risk Assessment Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMarch 27, 2017Hydrogen Jet Vapor Cloud Explosion: A Model for Predicting Blast Size and Application to Risk Assessment Simon Jallais and Elena Vyazmina Air Liquide...
Modelling and Validation of Dispersion Following an Instantaneous Vapor or Two-Phase Release from a Pressurized Vessel Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 12, 2016Hazardous flammable and/or toxic materials are often stored in pressurised vessels. This paper deals with the modelling of the dispersion following...
Transient Large-Scale Chlorine Releases in the Jack Rabbit II Field Tests: Near Source Release Data and Preliminary Analysi Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 12, 2016Sponsored by the Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of...
Evaluating the Effect of Obstruction Separation Distance on Flammable Gas Dispersion Using FDS Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 12, 2016When Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are used for field siting studies on gas-handling facilities, the separation distance between...
The Eye-Opener: Communicating Facility Siting Findings to Upper Management Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 12, 2016Upon completion of a Facility Siting study, the critical path forward is acceptance from Upper Management on the remediation plan. Using an example...
Is a Two-Inch Hole Adequate for a Siting Study? Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 12, 2016For several decades now, many consequence-based siting assessments (e.g., API RP 752) have relied upon a two-inch hole to represent what is termed a...
Why Detonation Is the Only Way to Explain Some Vapour Cloud Explosions Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 11, 2016The possibility that Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) occurs in vapour cloud explosions (VCEs) in industrial accidents has generally only...
Beyond HAZOP and LOPA - Four Different Company Approaches Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 11, 2016Stepping Beyond HAZOP and LOPA J. Wayne Chastain, P.E. Eastman Chemical Company P.O. Box 511 B-18 Kingsport, TN 37662 (423) 224-0553 chastain@eastman...
Reliability & Availability Modeling As a Design Tool Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMay 1, 2013
A View of the Evolving LNG Regulations and Associated Exclusion Zones from an Industry Perspective Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMay 1, 2013Recent growth in availability of domestic natural gas has led to a shift in the U.S. gas industry from being a net LNG importer to the prospect of...
Release Scenario Assumptions for Modeling Risk From Underground Gaseous Pipelines Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyMay 1, 2013Underground pipelines transport toxic and/or flammable pressurized gases in close proximity to residential and commercial areas and highways. The...
Promoting Commitment to Process Safety Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 30, 2013Successful implementation of process safety management (PSM) typically requires the use of a combination of physical and procedural safeguards...
Implementing LOPA Recommendations Into Design of Instrumented Protective Systems Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 30, 2013The inherent process risk is reduced to a tolerable level by implementing Protective Functions. Each organization has to define the tolerable risk...
New CCPS Guideline Book: Guidelines for Conditional Modifiers and Enabling Conditions Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 30, 2013This paper outlines the content of a new CCPS book entitled Guidelines for Conditional Modifiers and Enabling Conditions. A conditional modifier is...
The Impact of Human Factors On LOPA (and other risk assessment methods) Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 30, 2013All initiating events (IEs) and independent protection layers (IPLs) are inherently tied to human error. Human factors limit the risk reduction...
LNG Safety - II Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 29, 2009This session presents advancements in LNG safety in LNG baseload and receiving terminals, LNG ships and other related areas. LNG Vapor Dispersion...
Food and Consumer Products Process Hazards Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 28, 2009The Food and Consumer Products area has significant hazards and risks from dust and flammable liquid explosions as well as from toxic releases...
Consequence Modeling Conference PresentationAIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process SafetyApril 27, 2009Consequence modeling has evolved as a result of accident investigations, government regulations, and the maturation of process hazards analysis and...
Energy Systems Model: Discrete Event Simulation Tool to Facilitate Capital Decisions Conference PresentationSouthwest Process Technology ConferenceOctober 9, 2014The Dow Energy business is responsible for managing and providing power, steam and other utilities to some of Dow’s largest sites located around the...
Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires, and Toxic Releases, 2nd Edition April, 2012Siting of permanent and temporary buildings in process areas requires careful consideration of potential effects of explosions and fires arising from accidental release of flammable materials. This book, which updates the 1996 edition, provides a single-source reference that explains the American...
Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE and Flash Fire Hazards, 2nd Edition July, 2010This guide provides an overview of methods for estimating the characteristics of vapor cloud explosions, flash fires, and boiling-liquid-expanding-vapor explosions (BLEVEs) for practicing engineers. It has been updated to include advanced modeling technology, especially with respect to vapor cloud...
Guidelines for Facility Siting and Layout August, 2003A resource for individuals responsible for siting decisions, this guidelines book covers siting and layout of process plants, including both new and expanding facilities. This book provides comprehensive guidelines in selecting a site, recognizing and assessing long-term risks, and the optimal lay...
Wind Flow and Vapor Cloud Dispersion at Industrial and Urban Sites April, 2002A key component of risk reduction is reducing the potential consequences that could result from toxic or flammable releases. The science of vapor cloud dispersion has advanced significantly in recent years, but one of the long-standing challenges has been in accounting for dispersion around...
Estimating the Flammable Mass of a Vapor Cloud July, 1999This CCPS Concept book shows designers and operators of chemical facilities how to realistically estimate the flammable mass in a cloud of accidentally released material that is capable of igniting. It provides information on industry experience with flammable vapor clouds, basic concepts of fires...
Guidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models, 2nd Edition December, 1996The second edition of this essential reference updates and combines two earlier titles to capture the many technological advances for predicting the "footprint" of a vapor cloud release. Cited by EPA in its 1996 document, "Off-Site Consequence Analysis Guidance," the aim of the book is to encourage...
Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions and Fires September, 1996Dedicated to the Memory and Spirit of Donald F. Othmer Though there are many industry practices for building design and siting, they do not always apply to all sectors of the industry, or ensure consistent levels of safety. This practical book, written by the same author as API Recommended Practice...
Understanding Atmospheric Dispersion of Accidental Releases December, 1995A brief introduction to a complex topic, giving a description of the processes involved in an accidental or emergency release and the resulting downwind transport and dilution of gases, vapors, and aerosols.
Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases March, 1995This Guidelines book provides technical information on how to conduct a consequence analysis to satisfy your company's needs and the EPA rules. It covers quantifying the size of a release, dispersion of vapor clouds to an endpoint concentration, outcomes for various types of explosions and fires,...
19th Annual International Conference: Emergency Planning Preparedness, Prevention & Response April, 2005Over 40 papers and posters that share the latest practices in emergency planning related to fixed chemical, pharmaceutical, LNG, and petroleum facilities, storage facilities, transportation, and security.
RELEASE: A Model with Data to Predict Aerosol Rainout in Accidental Releases March, 1998This book documents CCPS's Aerosol Research Program to develop a model to predict liquid rainout from release of a pressurized, liquefied gas--and, hence the residual amount of material in a vapor cloud, which may be greater than the amount calculated from an enthalpy chart. RELEASE predicts the...