Isolated (Devices, Circuits)
Devices, Circuits are said to be isolated where there is not galvanic connection between them.
Isolation
A means of preventing certain stream properties (deflagration, mass flow, ignition capability) from being conveyed past a predefined point.
Isolation Room
A room designed, constructed, and provided with control systems to prevent escape of health-hazardous particulate solids into the atmosphere or adjacent operating areas.
Isomerization
The conversion of a chemical with a given molecular formula to another compound with the same molecular formula but a different molecular structure, such as from a straight-chain to a branched-chain hydrocarbon or an alicyclic to an aromatic hydrocarbon. Examples include the isomerization of ethylene oxide to acetaldehyde (both C2H4O) and butane to isobutane (both C4H10).
Isoperibolic System
A system in which the controlling external temperature is kept constant.
Isopleth
A plot of specific locations (in the three spatial coordinates: x, y, z) downwind from the release source that is corresponding to a concentration of interest (e.g., fixed by toxic load or flammable concentration).
Isothermal
A system condition in which the temperature remains constant. This implies that temperature increases and decreases are compensated by sufficient heat exchange with the environment of the system.
ITPM program
A management system that develops, maintains, monitors, and manages inspection, testing, and preventive maintenance activities.
IUPAC Name
A chemical name derived from a formal system of nomenclature employing a fundamental principle that each specific compound will have a different name. The system was developed and is maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Jet Discharge
A release of vapor or aerosol at sufficient pressure that the momentum of the release provides the dominating mechanism for air entrainment and for the centerline trajectory of the release.
Jet Fire
A fire type resulting from the discharge of liquid, vapor, or gas into free space from an orifice, the momentum of which induces the surrounding atmosphere to mix with the discharged material
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
A procedure that systematically identifies: 1) job steps, 2) specific hazards associated with each job step, and 3) safe job procedures associated with each step to minimize accident potential. Also called job hazard analysis
Job Task Analysis
the analysis phase of the instructional systems design (ISD) model consists of a job task analysis based on the equipment, operations, tools, and materials to be used as well as the knowledge and skills and attitudes required for each job position.
Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI)
Non-departmental public body and statutory expert standing advisory committee that advises the secretaries of state for health in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland on matters relating to communicable diseases that are potentially preventable through immunization.
Judgment Data
Equipment failure rate data derived from expert opinion or assessment.
Jump (Conditional)
A jump that takes place only when the instruction that specifies it is executed and specified conditions are satisfied.
Jump (Unconditional)
In the execution of a computer program, a departure from the implied or declared order in which instructions are being executed.
Kaizan
A quality system using lessons learned.
Karl Fischer Titration
Chemical method for measuring particulate moisture content based on a reaction with an iodine bearing reagent
Kinetic Tree Theory (KTT)
An approximation method that allows the analyst to estimate fault tree Top Event reliability characteristics through use of minimal cut sets, and failure data for the basic events in the fault tree.
Kinetical Data
Data associated with the conversion rate of a reaction such as the activation energy, pre-exponential factor and order of reaction.
Kit Fox
Field experiments at the Nevada Test Site involved ground-level area source releases of CO2 gas within a large array of roughness obstacles (Hanna and Steinberg 2001 and Hanna and Chang 2001).
Knockout Pot
A vessel used to separate liquids from vapors.
Knowledge (or Process Safety Knowledge)
Knowledge is related to information, which is often associated with policies, and other rule-based facts. It includes work activities to gather, organize, maintain, and provide information to other process safety elements. Process safety knowledge primarily consists of written documents such as hazard information, process technology information, and equipment-specific information.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs)
Knowledge is related to information, which is often associated with policies, procedures, and other rule-based facts. Skills are related to the ability to perform a well-defined task with little or no guidance or thought. Abilities concern the quality of decision making and execution when faced with an ill-defined task (e.g., applying knowledge to troubleshooting).
Knowledge-Based Behavior
Performance that requires personnel to consciously select and execute actions.
Known Demands
Where the demand is equally likely to occur at any time, the main concern is with the proportion of the total time that the system is likely to be in the failed state.
KSt Value
The deflagration index of a dust cloud. It is a dust-specific measure of the explosibility, in units of bar-m/s. The equation is the so-called cubic /cube root law.
Lacustrine Flood
A flood resulting from an overflow of a lake or pond.
Ladder Diagram (Relay Ladder Diagram)
One or more Networks of contacts, coils, graphically represented functions, functions, function blocks, data elements, labels, and connective elements, delimited on the left and (optionally) on the right by Power Rails.
Lagging Indicators
Outcome-oriented metrics, such as incident rates, downtime, quality defects, or other measures of past performance.
Lagging Metric
A retrospective set of metrics based on incidents that meet an established threshold of severity.
Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM)
A model in which the individual trajectories of thousands of particles are tracked by the computer and the particle's motion is determined by a mean flow velocity plus a correlated turbulent velocity and a random turbulent velocity.
Laminar Burning Velocity
See Burning Velocity
Land Use Planning
The control of developments around hazardous installations based upon consideration of the risks posed by the installations, and the nature of the developments and the populations they might contain.
Language, Function Block Diagram (FBD)
A programming language using function block diagrams for representing the Application Program for a Programmable Electroinc System (PES).
Language, Graphical
A programming language based upon graphical representation.
Language, Instruction List (IL)
A Textual programming language using Instructions for representing the Application Program for Programmable Electroinc System (PES).
Language, Ladder Diagram (LD)
A programming language using Ladder Diagrams for representing the Application Program for Programmable Electroinc System (PES).
Language, Structured Text (ST)
A textual programming language using assignment, sub-program control, selection and instruction Statements to represent the Application Program for a Programmable Electroinc System (PES).
Language, Textual
A system consisting of a well-defined, usually finite, set of characters; rules for combining characters with one another to form works or other expressions; a specific assignment of meanings to some of the works or expressions.
Lap Joint
See "Slip Flange".
Laplace Equation
Partial differential equation applying to potential distribution for any system of conductors whose intervening space contains no free charges. Has unique solution for given boundary conditions.
Large-Scale Integration (LSI)
A computer chip containing a large number of digital circuits in a small area.
Latent Failure
Failure in a component as a result of a hidden flaw.
Law of "Conservation of Energy"
Second law of thermodynamics that states that energy can only change in form, but can never be "lost" or "created".
Law of the Wall
A formula describing the profile of the mean velocity close to the surface, given by a mathematically derived (using a classical asymptote matching approach) and experimentally confirmed relation. This has two forms depending upon whether the surface is aerodynamically (or hydraulically if you are a civil engineer) smooth or rough.
Layer Ignition Temperature (LIT)
The minimum temperature at which a dust layer will self-heat.
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
An approach that analyzes one incident scenario (cause-consequence pair) at a time, using predefined values for the initiating event frequency, independent protection layer failure probabilities, and consequence severity, in order to compare a scenario risk estimate to risk criteria for determining where additional risk reduction or more detailed analysis is needed. Scenarios are identified elsewhere, typically using a scenario-based hazard evaluation procedure such as a HAZOP Study.
Layers
See "Safety Layer".