(4no) Sensitive Fluorometric Detection of Fentanyl-Class Agents By Competition-Mediated Supramolecular Displacement and Graphene Nanoparticle Quenching

In view of the upcoming increase in fertilizer demand brought on by population expansion worldwide, this study draws attention to the environmental problems associated with conventional ammonia-urea manufacturing techniques, particularly Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), which is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The study investigates incorporating methane pyrolysis into current SMR-Ammonia-Urea facilities in order to minimize emissions and improve sustainability in order to balance this need with environmental concerns. Using Aspen Plus software, traditional SMR procedures for the synthesis of hydrogen and ammonia were first simulated. Methane pyrolysis was then integrated in order to reduce CO₂ emissions during times when there was less ammonia stored, which usually led to CO₂ venting because of increased ammonia production and decreased loads on urea plants. The implementation of methane pyrolysis enables the uninterrupted production of hydrogen or ammonia, while also producing marketable solid carbon black. To maximize the methane pyrolysis plant's design capacity, sensitivity analysis was carried out. According to the techno-economic analysis, there is potential for a reduction in CO₂ emissions of up to 40% in the current SMR-ammonia-urea facility by incorporating methane pyrolysis into the existing SMR-ammonia or SMR-ammonia-urea plants, albeit at a reasonable additional cost. The solid carbon byproduct of methane pyrolysis must, however, be commercially viable at a minimum price of $0.5 per kilogram in order to be competitive with conventional production costs.