(320c) CFD-IBM-DEM Analysis of PM Filtration in Fluidized Bed Based on Force Balance to Evaluate Operation Conditions.

Particulate matter (PM) is a well-known air pollutant and most of them are soot emitted from fossil fuel combustion. PM diameter has been decreased with improvement of combustion technology. Especially, the concentration of PM_2.5 (diameter less than 2.5 µm) has increased. Fine PM has adverse effects on human body, and the highly efficient PM_2.5 filtration method is required. The granular bed filter is promising method for PM filtration, and our research group shows that this device can collect fine PM at highly efficiency with using gently fluidized bed [1]. It is important for practical use of this device to understand fundamental phenomena in PM filtration, because the performance of this device strongly depends on operating parameters, such as gas velocity, void fraction, and operating time. In previous study, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and DEM (discrete element method) coupling simulation was conducted with using locally averaged Navier-Stokes equation [2]. PM-gas interaction is averaged, and micro flow, which may have large effect on PM filtration, is also averaged. It is difficult to accurately reproduce the motion of PM in bed particle layer.

In this study, numerical simulation of PM filtration was conducted via CFD-IBM (immersed boundary method)-DEM [3] to consider the effect of accurate flow around bed particle. The effects of operating conditions are assessed based on forces acting on PM and the ratio of captured PM number to total PM number. The schematic diagram of numerical method is shown in Figure. Since the method requires highly computational cost, a part of bed particle layer was demonstrated. In the following figure, grey particle is bed particle and PM is blue particle. The diameters of bed particle and PM are 420 and 2 µm, respectively. PM is supplied from bottom of bed particle layer at feed rate of 100 per 0.0001 seconds, and initial velocity is same as superficial velocity. The most PM collides with bed particle, and it is captured on bed particle surface by adhesion force. The collection efficiency is about over 90% at superficial velocity of 0.4 m/s. The highly collection efficiency is obtained even at higher gas velocity of 0.8 m/s when bed particle is about closed packed. This gas velocity is twice of 0.4 m/s at which collection efficiency of 100% is obtained in previous experimental work [1]. The cohesive interaction between PM-bed particle or PM-PM is dominant force for fine particle. It makes collection efficiency high, and PM is stably maintained on bed particle by adhesion force.

[1] T. Yamamoto, K. Hori, J. Tatebayashi, An experimental investigation of the PM adhesion characteristics in a fluidized bed type PM removal device, Powder Technol., 289, 2016, 31-36.

[2] K. Yokoo, T. Yamamoto, H. Matsune, M. Kishida, J. Tatebayashi, CFD-DEM analysis of PM filtration due to adhesion force using fluidized bed, 18^th Asian pacific confederation of chemical engineering, 2019, B321

[3] T. Kajishima, S. Takiguchi, Interaction between particle clusters and particle-induced turbulence, Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, 23, 2002, 639-646.