Energy

The main objective of this study was to investigate the power controlled effect on microwave-accelerated simultaneous extraction and transesterification (in situ transesterification) of dry algal biomass. Experimental runs were designed using a response surface methodology and the process...

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have received great attention as an alternative power source for transportation and stationary applications. A membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) that generates electricity by electrochemical reactions consists of proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte...

One of the limitations of screening enzyme combinations using microplate based assays (Gao et al. 2010, Bioresour Technol 101, 8:2770) is that these are typically carried out using milled biomass (1 mm). The crude glycosyl hydrolase mixtures were also analyzed using a high-throughput proteomics...

Abstract: Biochemical conversion is a promising route to produce fuels and chemicals from cellulosic biomass. A key step in the process is biomass liquefaction, where enzymes are used to break down pretreated cellulosic particles. During this process, drastic changes in the mechanical properties of...

Variety of oxygenated compounds are detected in the pyrolysis oils, which leads to a number of associated problems such as low stability and reduced heating values. As a consequence, complete deoxygenation of bio oils with minimum hydrogen uptake is one of the proposed strategies toward improving...

Due to the complex morphology and small length scales of many fuel cell materials, experimental quantification of the key properties of these materials can be expensive and quite difficult to conduct, if not impossible. As a result, modeling efforts become an imperative approach to evaluate the...

Introduction Hydrogen is produced by biomasses through a variety of pyrolysis and gasification processes. Most of these processes are hampered by the coproduction of tars, a mixture of heavy compounds that may result in fouling of heat exchangers and reactors. A steam reforming step is needed to...

One key parameter in Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is the oxygen transport capacity of the CLC materials between the two process reactors; in practice, it may be limited by a combination of many factors, including the metal content of the inert binder, the oxygen uptake and release kinetics and...

Pyrolysis Vapors Upgrading using Metal Oxides Ayman M. Karim 1 , Donghai Mei 1 , Vanessa Lebarbier 1 , Changjun Liu 1,2 and Yong Wang 1,2 1 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 2 Washington State University The vapors generated during fast pyrolysis of biomass contain a significant fraction of...

A clean and efficient way to overcome the limited supply of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect is the production of hydrogen fuel from sunlight and water through the semiconductor/water junction of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, where energy collection and water electrolysis are combined...