Chemicals & Materials

Autothermal reforming processes of hydrocarbon liquids such as diesel fuels are spotlighted as methods to produce hydrogen for Fuel cell. However, the use of higher hydrocarbons as feedstocks for hydrogen production causes some problems which increase the catalyst deactivation by the carbon...

Trip & Throttle Valve Reliability Trip & Throttle (or Stop) valves are used in ethylene plants to isolate the energy to steam turbines when required. They are critical Safety Protection components with a high impact on a plant’s reliability; however, they operate under tough conditions like...

Many of the practical problems in achieving high performance feedback control for challenging applications have been addressed by modifications to the basic PID control law. These modifications include set-point filters that allow both load rejection and set-point following objectives to be...

Biomass has the potential to supply significant quantities of transportation fuels as increasing worldwide demand will place significant pressure on the supply. In the US, increasing imports of energy could make any imbalance especially acute, as has been demonstrated in the past. Additionally,...

ABSTRACT A significant amount of work has transpired over the past several years in generating consensus-based standards that include ASME PCC-2 and ISO 24817 for developing composite repair systems. The intent in developing these standards has been to provide industry with guidelines for designing...

Synthesis and Characterization of Trimetallic Ni(Co)-Mo-W HDS Catalysts Supported on Al-HMS Substrates R. Huirache-Acuña 1 , B. Pawelec 2 , E.M. Rivera-Muñoz 3 , R. Nava 4 B. Torres 5 , G. Alonso-Núñez 6 , J.A. Cortés 1 and J.L.G. Fierro 2 1 Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de...

The engineering of cooling water systems involves a consideration of both hydraulic and thermal behaviour. Unfortunately this is often ignored. For instance when engineers seek to reduce the thermal load on cooling towers they will often opt for increased heat recovery (via improved heat...

Borealis' cracker in Stenungsund, Sweden was a very early adopter of APC for olefin plants. Already 1982, then owned by Exxon they introduced severity control for the furnaces together with selector based furnace constraint control and other furnace controllers. All controllers ran in Honeywell's...

Control of feed pH control is an important task in chemical industries, wastewater treatment, polymerization reactions, fatty acid production and biochemical processes. However, this is a challenging problem due to (i) presence of large and varying time delays and (ii) complex time varying...

The demand for light olefins is continuing to rise at over 3% per annum. While ethylene production is expected to be addressed by the construction of new ethane crackers, mostly sited in the Middle East, only 3% of propylene production can be attributed to on-purpose propylene technology. As the...