Chemicals & Materials

Polymer inhibitors are used within an ethylene plant in locations which are susceptible to aggressive polymer formation i.e. Primary Fractionator, Compressors, Pyrolysis Gasoline Strippers and within the Gas Separation units. Over the years, the use of such additives has been extended to newer...

Cooling water driven condensers utilizing enhanced heat transfer technology deliver technical and economic advantages in both revamp and grassroots applications. Meeting equipment performance demands within the confinement of an existing unit structure can be accomplished with simple tube bundle or...

Biomass has the potential to supply significant quantities of transportation fuels as increasing worldwide demand will place significant pressure on the supply. In the US, increasing imports of energy could make any imbalance especially acute, as has been demonstrated in the past. Additionally,...

Shell-tube type heat exchangers are often used to exchange heat between a high pressure fluid and a low pressure fluid, and the pressure difference between the two fluids could be significantly high. In the event of a partial- or full-rupture of a tube, a problem may arise in that a transient...

Autothermal reforming processes of hydrocarbon liquids such as diesel fuels are spotlighted as methods to produce hydrogen for Fuel cell. However, the use of higher hydrocarbons as feedstocks for hydrogen production causes some problems which increase the catalyst deactivation by the carbon...

Trip & Throttle Valve Reliability Trip & Throttle (or Stop) valves are used in ethylene plants to isolate the energy to steam turbines when required. They are critical Safety Protection components with a high impact on a plant’s reliability; however, they operate under tough conditions like...

Cracking furnaces are the heart of the ethylene plant. Ethylene producers purchase various feedstocks ranging from “Gas” feeds: ethane, propane, butane and ethane propane mix, “Liquid” feeds: NGL’s, naphtha and up to “Heavy liquid” feeds: condensates, atmospheric gas oil (AGO), and vacuum gas oil (...

Enhance Cracked Gas Compressor Reliability with Novel Antifoulant Technology It is widely known that there is a potential for fouling in Cracked Gas Compressors within Ethylene plants. Gas crackers have generally had a higher fouling potential than liquid crackers due to the lack of aromatic...

It is becoming a widespread norm that refineries are processing an increasing quantity of heavy and sour crudes than ever before. The depleting oil reserves of light sweet crudes have resulted in the need for deeper exploration. Considerable finds in the Orinoco belt of Venezuela, California and...