Petrochemicals

Asphaltene Instability Measured by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Oct 19, 2011
Michael P. Hoepfner
Asphaltenes are defined as the petroleum fraction that precipitates with the addition of a normal alkane; however, it was only recently discovered that there is a strong time-dependency for precipitation in oil/n-alkane mixtures [1]. It was found that at low precipitant concentrations, asphaltenes...

Anisole and Guaiacol Deoxygenation Over Pt/Sn On Monolith Catalyst Supports

Oct 17, 2011
Miguel Angel Gonzalez Borja
Upgrading of pyrolysis oil vapors requires a catalytic reactor able to treat high reactant flow rates without generating a large pressure drop. Therefore, monolithic catalysts appear as good candidates for this purpose. In this contribution, low-surface-area Inconel monoliths were coated with in-...

Energy Efficiency of Battery Systems with Forced Convection Between Electrodes

Oct 17, 2011
Sun Ung Kim
The energy efficiency of an alkaline battery system with forced convective flow between the electrodes has been investigated. Rechargeable alkaline batteries, which depend on the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO 2 ), have been widely used because of their excellent properties...

Operational Inputs Into the Mechanical Integrity Program

Mar 15, 2011
F. Russ Davis
A predictive mechanical integrity (MI) program is based on the following: * Damage mechanisms that affect process equipment. * Rate at which degradation progresses. * Ability of the inspection group to identify and correct equipment damage before equipment failure. Operational temperature, pressure...

Process Automation During Refinery Unit Transitions

Mar 15, 2011
Robert M. Tsai
Process Automation ideas and technologies have been used sporadically for decades. However, in US refineries, automation technologies are still relatively rare. Critics of the technology will often point to complexity, high upkeep, and difficulty in changing the status quo as stumbling blocks to...

Inferential Monitoring & Optimization of Crude Units Via Hybrid Models

Mar 15, 2011
Vladimir Mahalec
Refinery crude units often process variety of feedstocks. If properties of the feed entering the crude unit are not precisely known, it is difficult to predict how changes in the tower operating conditions will affect properties of the products. Similarly, if on-line analyzers are not available, it...

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