Petrochemicals

One of the most critical issues in engineering and design of FLNG is to reduce top side weight along with its load distribution to the sub-structure. Concentrated top side loads will result in an increase in hull structure costs. The developed 2-row containment system allows flexibility of top side...

Sloshing is long problematic issue on achieving safety and reliability of LNG carriers and FLNG if the liquid level is below at a certain point in the containment system. Sloshing motion can be significantly reduced by covering the free-surface using a patented floater type blanket which is formed...

In this session we will review several case studies that will allow you to better understand the importance of process engineering and process safety basics. These examples will show specific pitfalls to avoid but also will open your thinking to properly consider the implications of other...

The chemistry of refinery fouling is well enough understood to mitigate nearly all fouling. The key information required are the location of the foulant, elemental analysis of the foulant, and identification of precursors in the oil flowing through the fouled unit. Most organic fouling is caused by...

Fate of Ammonia in Refinery Amine Systems Ralph H. Weiland, Nathan A. Hatcher & R. Scott Alvis Optimized Gas Treating, Inc. Sugar Land, TX ABSTRACT Ammonia ingress and accumulation in refinery and bio-gas amine systems is not a new problem. However, increasing utilization of advantaged crudes...

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY CONSIDERATIONS IN LNG PLANTS ABSTRACT DOUGLAS WILES, RYAN HOLLENBACH & STANLEY KWAN Thermal integration in an LNG plant improves its overall thermal efficiency. Thermally integrated plants tend to have lower operating costs and reduced environmental emissions including, CO,...

To insure a Sustainable Future, CO 2 emissions must be reduced despite strong future growth in demand. “Easy oil” from conventional production will be less abundant, though coal and natural gas, as well as unconventional hydrocarbon reserves will remain in strong supply for decades to come. Carbon...

The acid catalyst promotes esterification by reacting the carboxylic group of the FFA with methanol to form methylesters and water. In this reaction mixture, the sulfuric acid is more miscible in the water product phase than the methanol phase leading to a pronounced water inhibition effect that...

Refineries and petrochemical plants are leading segment of the entire chemical process industry. It was reported that the value of the product shipments by refineries in U.S. accounted for 9.32% of the entire manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy in 2007. On the other hand, air emissions from...

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have received great attention as an alternative power source for transportation and stationary applications. A membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) that generates electricity by electrochemical reactions consists of proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte...