An Introduction to Immunity and Vaccines
Derek Lapiska
An understanding of the basic approach to creating vaccines, as well as how vaccines confer immunity, is essential to developing safe and cost-effective formulations.
Algal Biofuels: The Backstory
Arjun Gopalratnam
Increasing energy demand and dwindling energy resources have spurred interest in making transportation fuels from renewable sources such as microalgae.
Algal Biofuels: The Process
Al Darzins, Eric P. Knoshaug
The production of algal biofuels involves algae cultivation, biomass harvesting and dewatering, lipid extraction, and conversion to fuel.
Algal Biofuels: The Research
Kimberly Ogden, Kuan-Chen Cheng
The individual technical elements of the algae-to-biofuels process have already been demonstrated at the laboratory scale. Ongoing research seeks to refine the technology to enable scaleup to commercial production.
Stem Cell Engineering 101
Jonathan Monk
Stem cells are poised to transform medical treatments for a host of diseases and malignant conditions. Translating stem cell research into clinical therapies, disease models, and drug-screening platforms will require a combination of sound science...
Engineering a Better Way to Heal Broken Bones
Matthew B. Murphy
Integrating mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials shows promise for treating traumatic skeletal injuries via bone tissue engineering.
Scaling Up Research to Commercial Manufacturing
Erika Lapinskas
The production of stem-cell-based therapeutic products in large quantities is more complex than manufacturing molecular drugs. Scale-up and scale-out challenges arise related to the type of stem cell, cell expansion and banking, sterile handling,...
Developing Cell Therapy Biomanufacturing Processes
Jon A. Rowley
Establishing scalable technology platforms that allow for varying levels of production throughout the different stages of clinical testing can minimize process development timelines, drug-comparability risks, and — ultimately — costs.
The Role for Biofuels
Carrie Atiyeh, Tim Eggeman
The advanced biofuels industry is at a critical stage of development and deployment.
Minimize Scale-Up Risk
Bertil Stromberg, J. Brad Cort, Thomas Pschorn
Proven commercial-scale equipment already exists for many operations involved in producing biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment
Blake A. Simmons, Bradley M. Holmes, Harvey W. Blanch, Seema Singh
Ionic liquids show promise as lignocellulosic biomass solvents. But is this approach a scientific curiosity or a commercially viable biofuel pretreatment technology?
Converting Cellulose to Biofuels
David Hogsett, Eduardo Ximenes, Michael R. Ladisch, Nathan S. Mosier, Youngmi Kim
Biochemical and thermochemical process technologies being developed to convert wood and other lignocellulosic feedstocks to liquid fuels will drive the transition from corn-based ethanol to advanced biofuels.