2011

Current-voltage characterization was carried out on dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with different photoanode areas ranging from 0.01 cm 2 to 1 cm 2 . Surprisingly, we found that the short-circuit current density and the efficiency of the solar cells increased exponentially as the photoaonode...

Innovations in membrane materials, structures, modules and system design have fundamentally changed the water purification industry over the past four decades. Revolutionary reductions by a full order of magnitude in energy consumption per unit of delivered product were achieved by substituting...

The food versus fuel debate is becoming increasingly controversial in the wake of the industrialization of eastern countries and the ever-growing population of the world. Sustainable and renewable feed stocks are being explored as energy sources in order to meet the increasing energy demand and...

Efficient breakdown of ligno-cellulosic material prior to fermentation for bio-fuel production is a key step in optimizing bio-fuel production. Current industrial practice involves chemical pretreatment and acid or enzymatic saccharification to prepare ligno-cellulosic biomass for fermentation. The...

Chemical hydride is one of the most potential hydrogen storage materials which can effectively increase hydrogen storage capacity. To meet the new goal of U.S. department of energy (DoE), 4.5wt% and 5.5 wt% of gravimetric hydrogen density capacity by 2010 and 2015, respectively, ammonia borane (AB...

Integrating carbon capture technology with large source carbon emitters is necessary in the very near future to mitigate the contribution of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to climate change and global public welfare. However, the implementation of this technology with current separation approaches is...

Background Oxy-combustion is considered as one of the CO 2 capture options for the coal-fired power plants. The CO 2 -rich flue gas from such a plant will have to be compressed and purified for sequestrtion. Praxair is developing a near zero emissions technology that will produce CO 2 virtually...

Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers as components of tailored diesel fuel - properties, synthesis and purification concepts Jakob Burger 1* , Markus Siegert 2 , Eckhard Ströfer 2 , Michael Nilles 2 , Hans Hasse 1 1 Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany; 2...

Gas condensate reservoirs experience great losses in productivity as the reservoir pressure drops below the dew point pressure due to formation and accumulation of liquid condensate around the well bore and subsequent reduction of gas relative permeability. Several methods have been proposed to...

Several crucial steps in the upgrading of biomass-derived raw materials involve acid catalyzed reactions, such as the hydrolysis of cellulose or the dehydration of sugars. Although heterogeneous catalysts are desired in large scale industrial processes, their application is limited by several...