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2009

Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Cellulose in N-Methyl Morpholine Oxide/Water

Nov 9, 2009
John Collier
To enzymatically convert biomass to biorefinery feedstock, biofuels, or hydrogen an environmentally friendly solvent or process is needed to disrupt the microstructure of lignocellulosics. In multi-stage processes, solvents are being used as pretreatments by dissolving cellulose and precipitation...

Optofluidic SERS Devices for Biomolecular Detection

Nov 9, 2009
Yun Suk Huh
Recently, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted great attention because of its high sensitivity, label-free detection, and low detection limit. Additionally, it provides a specific fingerprint spectrum of multiplex samples with narrow band width. Because of these advantages, a...

Establishing Appropriate Particle Size Specifications for Solid Oral Dosage Forms

Nov 8, 2009
Zhigang Sun
Control of particle size distribution of pharmaceutical powders is critical in the manufacture of solid oral dosage forms due to significant impact of particle size on the safety and efficacy of the drug product. As shown in many publications, particle sizes of powders have profound influences on...

Catalytic Deoxygenation of Free Fatty Acids Over Pd/C

Nov 8, 2009
Jeremy Immer
Introduction Environmental concerns and dwindling world petroleum reserves have generated great interest in producing transportation fuels from bio-renewable resources. In this work, we investigate catalytic deoxygenation of free fatty acids (FFAs) [1] to produce linear hydrocarbons for second-...

Drug Product Quality by Design: An Industrial Perspective

Nov 8, 2009
Mary T. am Ende
The regulatory quality guidances (Q8 – Q10) have set the expectation to develop pharmaceutical products based on a comprehensive quality by design approach. These expectations have permeated our industry as the new gold standard. Pharmaceutical development and commercialization programs are now...

Advanced Biofuels - The Path Forward

Nov 8, 2009
W. Densmore Hunter
Oil prices go up and they come down and our ability to forecast them with any real confidence has not been particularly good. A year ago when oil prices were at record highs and global economies were booming, the case for biofuels seemed clear. The path forward is cloudier today. Are we facing a...

Clean Coal Technology and CO2 Capture: A Perspective

Nov 8, 2009
L. S. Fan
Absolute and per-capita energy consumption is bound to increase globally, leading to a projected increase in energy requirements of 50% by 2020. The primary source for providing a majority of the energy will continue to be fossil fuels. However, an array of enabling technologies needs to be proven...

The Challenges of Scale and Sustainability in U.S. Energy Policy

Nov 8, 2009
Marilyn Brown
The pace of technology improvement and deployment could significantly reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations and improve the nation's energy security. Given the need for a large-scale energy transformation, the challenge is to move toward actions that go beyond technology R...

Application of QbD Principles to Analytical Methods

Nov 8, 2009
Jackson Pellett
The same QbD Principles applied to the design of manufacturing processes are applicable to the design of analytical methodology. QbD elements such as understanding the science behind the methods, and improving method reliability by identifying and controlling sources of variability are key. This...

What Does it Take to Address the Nation's Energy Challenges

Nov 8, 2009
Dana Christensen
The nation is facing a renaissance in energy technology to include dramatic changes in transportation, electricity production, distribution and use, and energy efficiency. The nation is also rapidly expanding its scientific capabilities and is currently leading the world in areas such as material...

Girl Scout STEM Workshop: Experience with 6th-10th Grade Girls in Rural Oklahoma

Nov 8, 2009
Ashlee N. Ford
Recently, Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. has launched a science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) initiative to engage girls in hands-on activities that make STEM fun and accessible and to promote gender equity in these fields by providing information and experiences highlighting the positive...

Tic-Tac-Toe Strategic Planning

Nov 8, 2009
Jack Hipple
The Tic-Tac-Toe Approach to Strategic Innovation Planning When we study the history and trends of technology development across a wide spectrum of technologies, several things stand out. First, there are similarities in how difficult problems are solved in different areas of science and technology...

Managing Innovation in ConocoPhillips R&D

Nov 8, 2009
James Scinta
ConocoPhillips was formed in 2002 and it developed several approaches to developing a robust R&D portfolio. These initiatives were launched to encourage idea generation, project execution, and the conversion of ideas to commercial success. This paper will provide information on some of the...

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