Fossil Fuels

A 19 KBPD commercial Catalytic Reforming Unit using a 4-bed stacked reactor for the production of BTX has been simulated. The underlying chemistry of Catalytic Reforming on noble metal-loaded acid catalysts is modeled by means of a computer-generated reaction network consisting of 50,000+...

Benzene, toluene and xylene separation is a requirement for the production of the many valuable aromatic based materials used in consumer and industrial products. There are several options in performing these separations by distillation. This paper discusses the energy usage and capital cost...

Present vacuum resid conversion processes, either coking or hydroconversion, are far from achieving their maximum conversion. With the remaining petroleum resources, on average, having a greater fraction of the vacuum resid fraction, it is imperative that new resid conversion processes or schemes...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been widely proposed and developed to predict LNG vapor dispersion behavior and to determine safe separation distances around LNG production storage and transportation facilities. This is largely due to the ability of CFD codes to describe fully the...

As the design life expiration date (about 25 years) approaches for domestic LNG storage tank, the issue of tank lifetime extension is paid more and more attention by the Korea LNG industry. Recently, Korea Gas Safety Corporation is carrying out a project for developing technologies and standards...

The new trends in crackers are higher capacity and heavier feedstock. This makes the integration between refineries and crackers significantly more beneficial. The importance of integration becomes a more paramount issue. Since several new refineries and cracker / derivatives complexes are...

EPA recently proposed &'Control of Emissions from New Marine Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 30 Liters per Cylinder (published August 26, 2009)&' to reflect the emission limits recently adopted in amendments to Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of...

The valorization of scarce renewable resources calls for new, advanced process technologies. The optimal route in the long run will be to encourage benefiting first from the value chain of the biomass constituents and produce fuel only from the residues or from an entirely different feedstock – not...

Crude oil distillation unit (CDU) and Delayed coking unit (DCU) present significant energy consumption in a refinery, given the high flow rates involved on process streams. As refiners are increasing the process of opportunity crudes, heat integration on these units becomes more relevant. Because...

This paper describes on a month by month basis the timeline of milestones accomplished in Conceptual design, Front End Engineering Design (FEED) both pre-FEED and full-FEED, local, state, and federal permitting, EPC activities for both Phase one and Phase two. Project cost for both phases is...