Fossil Fuels

A 19 KBPD commercial Catalytic Reforming Unit using a 4-bed stacked reactor for the production of BTX has been simulated. The underlying chemistry of Catalytic Reforming on noble metal-loaded acid catalysts is modeled by means of a computer-generated reaction network consisting of 50,000+...

Models exist for the prediction of both the thermal and hydraulic effects of fouling on heat exchanger performance. In recent years these models have been applied in the analysis of fouling on the tube-side of shell-and-tube exchangers, in exchangers fitted with tube inserts, and in welded plate...

Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and PoroGen Corporation are jointly developing a novel hybrid membrane – absorption process for pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture (Carbo-Lock™ process). The novel Carbo-Lock™ process combines advantageous features of both absorption and membrane processes to...

During resid conversion processes, such as visbreaking or hydroconversion, more saturated pendant groups are cracked off asphaltenes, making them less soluble. Meanwhile, the more saturated volatile liquids formed during the conversion are often nonsolvents for asphaltenes. As a result, these...

A monumental task for improving the feasibility of carbon capture from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants is reducing the total energy cost. A generic absorption/stripping process using an aqueous amine solvent would reduce the net power production of a coal-fired power plant by roughly 30%,...

Present vacuum resid conversion processes, either coking or hydroconversion, are far from achieving their maximum conversion. With the remaining petroleum resources, on average, having a greater fraction of the vacuum resid fraction, it is imperative that new resid conversion processes or schemes...

During LNG loading operation at Bontang LNG Terminal, the LNG vapor called Marine Boil Off Gas (MBOG) is always generated. Ideally, this vapor should be recovered to shore as an additional fuel gas supply or to be re-Liquefied. Nevertheless, due to some constraints, only around 23-37% of the total...

The regulations for sulfur reduction in marine fuels are impacting the whole spectrum beginning from the production of the fuel in the refineries to the end use in Marine diesel engines. To start with, from 1/1/2010, the European Union regulations call for use of fuel with a maximum of 0.1% sulfur...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been widely proposed and developed to predict LNG vapor dispersion behavior and to determine safe separation distances around LNG production storage and transportation facilities. This is largely due to the ability of CFD codes to describe fully the...

The natural gas consumption is expected to grow significantly in the next decades. The need for building LNG import terminals with significant storage capacity is quite often a critical aspect due to restriction of land in the area of interest and environmental constraints. A new concept for the...