Fossil Fuels

In order to comply with the LNG industry's requirements for minimizing life cycle costs, the ambient air heater vaporization in association with closed loop heat transfer fluid system has been developed. This vaporization system has been proved and is a new trend in the LNG industry. However, one...

The regulations for sulfur reduction in marine fuels are impacting the whole spectrum beginning from the production of the fuel in the refineries to the end use in Marine diesel engines. To start with, from 1/1/2010, the European Union regulations call for use of fuel with a maximum of 0.1% sulfur...

A number of notable features are addressed that may be encountered in designing a large aboveground full containment LNG storage tank. The size and thickness of the inner tank, which is made of 9% Ni, is closely related to the specifications of design codes. The recent revisions of the relevant...

Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and PoroGen Corporation are jointly developing a novel hybrid membrane – absorption process for pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture (Carbo-Lock™ process). The novel Carbo-Lock™ process combines advantageous features of both absorption and membrane processes to...

In an attempt to curb air pollution from the shipping industry, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed two new sets of standards in July 2009, which requires ships that have compression-ignition engines with a capacity of 30 liters or more per cylinder in U.S. waters to cut...

A monumental task for improving the feasibility of carbon capture from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants is reducing the total energy cost. A generic absorption/stripping process using an aqueous amine solvent would reduce the net power production of a coal-fired power plant by roughly 30%,...

During LNG loading operation at Bontang LNG Terminal, the LNG vapor called Marine Boil Off Gas (MBOG) is always generated. Ideally, this vapor should be recovered to shore as an additional fuel gas supply or to be re-Liquefied. Nevertheless, due to some constraints, only around 23-37% of the total...

U.S. regulations for the siting of LNG facilities require LNG spills to be collected into impounded areas and the impoundments must be sited in such a way that LNG vapor clouds formed as a result of defined spills dissipate to below ½ LFL before reaching a property line that can be built upon [1]...

The analysis of LNG hazards, particularly in the context of onshore facility siting, has historically focused on the consequences of atmospheric pressure releases, such as would occur in the event of a storage tank breach. Recently, however, the issue of flammable vapor clouds formed by high-...

Koch Nitrogen, like every chemical plant, has a few rotating machines in the realm of critical where words like human safety, explosion, months to repair and plant stoppage are commonly used. In May of 2008, Koch Nitrogen commissioned a brand new 8100 rpm, 1500 hp turbo expander. This plant has 1...