Fossil Fuels

Non-Thermal Plasma Reforming of Refractory Tars and Oils Generated by Biomass Gasification L. Frost 1 , S. Elangovan 1 , and J. Hartvigsen 1 1 Ceramatec Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah lfrost@ceramatec.com elango@ceramatec.com jjh@ceramatec.com Many Western states have large supplies of non-food based...

The main purpose of this work is to optimize natural gas liquefaction process by reducing energy consumption. At first, a rigorous simulation of natural gas liquefaction is conducted. Based on the simulation results, the refrigerants and natural gas thermodynamic states along with whole process are...

The characteristic of gliding arc in tornado was investigated under different experimental conditions and the destruction of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans) in medical waste incinerator fly ash by using a dc gliding arc in tornado reactor was studied in the...

Plasma processes are very useful in industry because plasma has the unique characteristic of producing active species in large numbers of energetic species than conventional chemical processes. Nonthermal plasma (NTP), such as corona or glow discharge plasmas, is widely used for generating such...

With an increasing focus on resid upgrade and bottom of the barrel conversion over the years due to economic advantages, refiners are increasingly processing heavy crudes that yield higher residue content. These crudes are also higher in salt, metal and sulfur content. Often in these cases, there...

The vacuum residue fraction of petroleum is one of the most complex mixtures of compounds known, one which continues to defy comprehensive analysis. The combination of complexity, diversity, and aggregation of the asphaltenes has enormous implications for upgrading reactions and phase behaviour...

In the plasma reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, especially in a partial oxidation process, characteristic parameters of the reaction can be sorted as plasma parameter and reactant condition parameter. Plasma parameter or electric power and voltage-current characteristic determines density of active...

When the information era began thirty years ago, the focus for the refinery control specialist was placing as much data as possible into the hands of engineers and operators. The philosophy remained prevalent though the volume of transferred data leaped by orders of magnitude every decade...

Over the last few decades, LNG has vaulted onto the world stage as a viable candidate for future energy needs. Scores of studies have been done to illustrate the potential consequences of an accidental release of LNG. Some excellent studies have been reported, but uncertainties still exist because...

An important element of the overall risk of near-shore and offshore LNG operations is the behavior of spills on water: how the spill first interacts with the water at the point of entry, how the liquid pool first forms and spreads and how the emanating vapors disperse. Several models exist for...