Fossil Fuels

Oxygen/Combustible Safeguards in Low Nox Fired Heaters

Mar 22, 2010

Edward M. Marszal

Refineries have been installing low NOx equipment on their fired heaters in response to tighter environmental regulation. Low NOx burners minimize air ingress in locations other than directly at the burner, and internally recirculate flue gas in the heater firebox. They operate on much narrower...

Environmental Law and Regulation 101

Mar 21, 2010

Chris A. Paul

This presentation will provide a summary of each of the primary environmental regulatory programs, including air, water, waste and emergency planning. These programs are also known by their statutory names, the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Emergency...

IGCC Power Generation - Down But Not Out

September

2008

News Feature

Suzanne Shelley

Many technology advances are underway to address cost, CO2 and reliability issues and expand the use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), a cleaner way to generate electricity from coal.

CO2 Reduction and Syngas Production From CO2 and H2O Over Zn Particles In a Packed-Bed Reactor

Oct 17, 2011

Anastasia Stamatiou

A two-step solar thermochemical cycle for splitting CO 2 and mixtures of CO 2 and H 2 O with Zn/ZnO redox reactions is considered, encompassing: 1) the thermolysis of ZnO with concentrated solar radiation as the heat source; and 2) the non-solar, reduction of CO 2 to CO or mixtures of CO 2 and H 2...

Making Coal Clean

Oct 16, 2011

Ned Leonard

Evaluating the Heat Exchanger Technologies Available for Use In Refinery Pre-Heat Trains

Mar 15, 2011

Graham T. Polley

Fouling behaviour is a crucial consideration in the selection and design of heat exchangers to be used in refinery pre-heat trains. We make the following observations regarding fouling associated with the heating of crude oil: 1. The fouling rate decreases with increase in wall shear stress 2. The...

The Importance of Carbon and Hydrogen Management In the Development of Thermochemical Production of Biofuels

Mar 15, 2011

Richard G. Mallinson

Biomass has the potential to supply significant quantities of transportation fuels as increasing worldwide demand will place significant pressure on the supply. In the US, increasing imports of energy could make any imbalance especially acute, as has been demonstrated in the past. Additionally,...

LNG Tank Top Fires

Mar 15, 2011

James Venart

The regulatory requirements of 49 CFR 193, Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities: Federal Safety Standards, require thorough engineering reviews before approval of any proposed LNG facility. Such a process must consider potential and credible hazardous events. The proposed paper will specifically note,...

Mitigation of Preheat Fouling by Eliminating the Cause

Mar 15, 2011

Irv Wiehe

Today, there is no excuse for not getting five years or more on the run length of refinery preheat exchangers without the need for cleaning. Among the many tools available for fouling mitigation of preheat exchangers, the most overlooked ones involve determining and eliminating the cause. Almost...

Increased Fouling Potential and Mitigation Plans for Heavy Sour Crude Oils

Mar 15, 2011

Parag Shah

It is becoming a widespread norm that refineries are processing an increasing quantity of heavy and sour crudes than ever before. The depleting oil reserves of light sweet crudes have resulted in the need for deeper exploration. Considerable finds in the Orinoco belt of Venezuela, California and...

LNG Carrier Polystyrene Foam Cargo Insulation Performance Under Fire Exposure

Mar 15, 2011

Jerry Havens

The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), in its February 2007 report &'Public Safety Consequences of a Terrorist Attack on a Tanker Carrying Liquefied Natural Gas Need Clarification&', stated that &'The leading unaddressed priority ... was the potential for cascading...

Scoping Study of Methanol Production From CO2 with Nuclear Electrolysis H2

Mar 15, 2011

Richard D. Doctor

A scoping study of system costs for producing methanol from CO 2 and H 2 using low-carbon electricity to supply the hydrogen from commercial electrolysis produced methanol via: CO 2 + 3H 2 ➝ CH 3 OH + H 2 O Assuming low-carbon electricity at $75/MW, electrolysis delivers hydrogen at $5/kg and the...

User Beware: When Simple Consequence Models Can Give the Wrong Answers

Mar 15, 2011

Filippo Gavelli

Over the past few years, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for safety analyses of LNG facilities in the United States has been steadily increasing. However, with the notable exception of offshore terminals, for which the use of CFD models is required by the U.S. Coast Guard, the...

Practical PID Control: Use Filters for Better Disturbance Rejection and Setpoint Tracking

Mar 15, 2011

Patrick P. Thorpe

Many of the practical problems in achieving high performance feedback control for challenging applications have been addressed by modifications to the basic PID control law. These modifications include set-point filters that allow both load rejection and set-point following objectives to be...

Thermal Plasma Gasification of Different Coals with Carbon Dioxide

Mar 14, 2011

Maoqi Feng

Carbon dioxide emissions from conventional coal-fired power plants constitute the majority CO 2 emissions in the U.S. Mitigation of CO 2 by chemical conversion provides an alternative method to reduce the CO 2 emissions from coal gasification process with the benefit of eliminating energy-intensive...

Petroleum Resid Conversion: Opportunities and Limitations

Mar 14, 2011

Irv Wiehe

In the conversion of vacuum resids one has the option to form coke as a byproduct or to devise conversion processes that prevent coke formation while forming a heavy liquid byproduct. The theme of this presentation is that both options can be greatly improved over current commercial practice but...

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