Fossil Fuels

Control of feed pH control is an important task in chemical industries, wastewater treatment, polymerization reactions, fatty acid production and biochemical processes. However, this is a challenging problem due to (i) presence of large and varying time delays and (ii) complex time varying...

The characteristic of gliding arc in tornado was investigated under different experimental conditions and the destruction of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans) in medical waste incinerator fly ash by using a dc gliding arc in tornado reactor was studied in the...

Coke oven gas (COG) is a by-product when producing coke from coal. It is not always easy to make use of COG, causing waste of energy. Producing liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an efficient way of utilizing COG. The amount of hydrogen affects liquefaction process significantly, because its thermal...

Associated gas from the oil industry has been flared for decades. The prevailing attitude towards CO 2 emissions and other pollutants requires smart approaches to processing low BTU gases in a cost effective and environmentally responsible manner. The injection of nitrogen into oil reservoirs for...

The success in Shale and other unconventional formations has dramatically expanded the N. American Natural Gas reserves and promises to also do so in many other parts of the world. New LNG liquefaction capacity in the Middle East and Asia along with additional large scale capacity from Australia...

When the information era began thirty years ago, the focus for the refinery control specialist was placing as much data as possible into the hands of engineers and operators. The philosophy remained prevalent though the volume of transferred data leaped by orders of magnitude every decade...

Mercury is present in many of the world’s oil & gas fields and its removal and capture is important for a number of reasons: * Process plants with brazed aluminium heat exchangers are susceptible to corrosive attack by mercury * Product streams eg. naphtha are less valuable to producers when “...

It is expected that environmental regulations will be enacted to restrict the amount of carbon emissions from today's power plants. As such, it is likely that carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies will be added to both new and existing coal-fired power plants to achieve compliance...

An important element of the overall risk of near-shore and offshore LNG operations is the behavior of spills on water: how the spill first interacts with the water at the point of entry, how the liquid pool first forms and spreads and how the emanating vapors disperse. Several models exist for...