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Fossil Fuels

Chemical Insights Indicate Process Opportunities for Residue Processing

Mar 14, 2011
Murray R. Gray
The vacuum residue fraction of petroleum is one of the most complex mixtures of compounds known, one which continues to defy comprehensive analysis. The combination of complexity, diversity, and aggregation of the asphaltenes has enormous implications for upgrading reactions and phase behaviour...

Multi-Model MPC for a Complex pH Neutralization Process

Mar 14, 2011
Weiting Tang
Control of feed pH control is an important task in chemical industries, wastewater treatment, polymerization reactions, fatty acid production and biochemical processes. However, this is a challenging problem due to (i) presence of large and varying time delays and (ii) complex time varying...

The Destruction of Dioxins In Fly Ash by Using Gliding Arc In Tornado

Mar 14, 2011
Liang Yu
The characteristic of gliding arc in tornado was investigated under different experimental conditions and the destruction of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans) in medical waste incinerator fly ash by using a dc gliding arc in tornado reactor was studied in the...

The Impacts of Tight Gas and Shale to Global LNG Market and Gas

Mar 14, 2011
Jonathan T. Kwan
“Do we have enough gas?” This question asked by former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in 2003 had prompted him to declare that the US did not have enough natural gas and would be necessary to import liquid natural gas (LNG) to fill the gap of US gas consumption. Many energy companies...

Study on Energy Consumption for Natural Gas Liquefaction

Mar 14, 2011
Qiang Xu
The main purpose of this work is to optimize natural gas liquefaction process by reducing energy consumption. At first, a rigorous simulation of natural gas liquefaction is conducted. Based on the simulation results, the refrigerants and natural gas thermodynamic states along with whole process are...

In-Detail Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Partial Oxidation Reaction by Plasma

Mar 14, 2011
Dae Hoon Lee
In the plasma reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, especially in a partial oxidation process, characteristic parameters of the reaction can be sorted as plasma parameter and reactant condition parameter. Plasma parameter or electric power and voltage-current characteristic determines density of active...

Reliable Innovations on Compressors for LNG Value Chain

Mar 14, 2011
Mirco Ermini
Since the restart of its expansion in 1985 with Woodside plant, OEM has tried to support the growth of LNG market all over the years by introducing always-new technologies for both driver and driven equipments. Nowadays, new challenges are emerging from the market, asking the OEM to give its...

Thermal Plasma Gasification of Different Coals with Carbon Dioxide

Mar 14, 2011
Maoqi Feng
Carbon dioxide emissions from conventional coal-fired power plants constitute the majority CO 2 emissions in the U.S. Mitigation of CO 2 by chemical conversion provides an alternative method to reduce the CO 2 emissions from coal gasification process with the benefit of eliminating energy-intensive...

New Cooling Application: Total Heat Removal From Base Load LNG Plants

Mar 14, 2011
J. C. Kuo
Most new and existing liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants have used dry air cooler (DAC) technology to reject the total heat required to liquefy natural gas. Only a few others are able to overcome environmental issues such as thermal pollution and water limitations using water cooler (WC) technology...

Steam Utility Systems Are Not "Business as Usual" for Chemical Process Simulators

Mar 14, 2011
Jonathan Currie
The operating costs of a typical refinery utility system are so significant that small operational improvements can result in large annual savings. This paper introduces a new utility modelling package designed for PETRONAS to allow in-house modelling and optimization of their refinery and...

New Continuous Coking Process

Mar 14, 2011
Douglas W. Sullivan
NEW CONTINUOUS COKING PROCESS A new coking process can accept resid feed from the conventional resid heater in a coking plant and continuously discharge vapor and dry petroleum coke particles. The process promotes a rapid recovery of volatiles from the resid enabling recovery of more volatiles. It...

Handling LPG Components In LNG Plants

Mar 14, 2011
Stanley Huang
Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) recovery is an inherent part of most Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) production trains. The requirement serves many purposes, such as adjusting the heating value of the product LNG, mitigating the freezing risks caused by specific intermediate and heavy components, and...

Using a Continuous MPC Algorithm to Control An Unsteady Batch Fermentation Process

Mar 14, 2011
William Stewart
Classical MPC has been leveraged to improve control on a nonlinear unsteady-state system, batch alcohol fermentation. The controller uses a hybrid model with fundamental reaction equations along with empirical process data-based modeling. More than thirty lines of batch quality control have been...

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