Fossil Fuels

More Refinery H2 through Efficiency, Recovery, and Process Improvements

Mar 15, 2011
Alan Zagoria
Hydrogen is even more important to refiners than it was just a few years ago. Heavier crudes, clean fuels, and increased conversion have increased hydrogen demand. Refiners can face costly choices if forced to adjust refinery operations to respond to hydrogen availability constraints. It is...

Increased Fouling Potential and Mitigation Plans for Heavy Sour Crude Oils

Mar 15, 2011
Parag Shah
It is becoming a widespread norm that refineries are processing an increasing quantity of heavy and sour crudes than ever before. The depleting oil reserves of light sweet crudes have resulted in the need for deeper exploration. Considerable finds in the Orinoco belt of Venezuela, California and...

Mitigation of Preheat Fouling by Eliminating the Cause

Mar 15, 2011
Irv Wiehe
Today, there is no excuse for not getting five years or more on the run length of refinery preheat exchangers without the need for cleaning. Among the many tools available for fouling mitigation of preheat exchangers, the most overlooked ones involve determining and eliminating the cause. Almost...

Reliable Innovations on Compressors for LNG Value Chain

Mar 14, 2011
Mirco Ermini
Since the restart of its expansion in 1985 with Woodside plant, OEM has tried to support the growth of LNG market all over the years by introducing always-new technologies for both driver and driven equipments. Nowadays, new challenges are emerging from the market, asking the OEM to give its...

Thermal Plasma Gasification of Different Coals with Carbon Dioxide

Mar 14, 2011
Maoqi Feng
Carbon dioxide emissions from conventional coal-fired power plants constitute the majority CO 2 emissions in the U.S. Mitigation of CO 2 by chemical conversion provides an alternative method to reduce the CO 2 emissions from coal gasification process with the benefit of eliminating energy-intensive...

New Cooling Application: Total Heat Removal From Base Load LNG Plants

Mar 14, 2011
J. C. Kuo
Most new and existing liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants have used dry air cooler (DAC) technology to reject the total heat required to liquefy natural gas. Only a few others are able to overcome environmental issues such as thermal pollution and water limitations using water cooler (WC) technology...

Steam Utility Systems Are Not "Business as Usual" for Chemical Process Simulators

Mar 14, 2011
Jonathan Currie
The operating costs of a typical refinery utility system are so significant that small operational improvements can result in large annual savings. This paper introduces a new utility modelling package designed for PETRONAS to allow in-house modelling and optimization of their refinery and...

New Continuous Coking Process

Mar 14, 2011
Douglas W. Sullivan
NEW CONTINUOUS COKING PROCESS A new coking process can accept resid feed from the conventional resid heater in a coking plant and continuously discharge vapor and dry petroleum coke particles. The process promotes a rapid recovery of volatiles from the resid enabling recovery of more volatiles. It...

Handling LPG Components In LNG Plants

Mar 14, 2011
Stanley Huang
Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) recovery is an inherent part of most Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) production trains. The requirement serves many purposes, such as adjusting the heating value of the product LNG, mitigating the freezing risks caused by specific intermediate and heavy components, and...

Using a Continuous MPC Algorithm to Control An Unsteady Batch Fermentation Process

Mar 14, 2011
William Stewart
Classical MPC has been leveraged to improve control on a nonlinear unsteady-state system, batch alcohol fermentation. The controller uses a hybrid model with fundamental reaction equations along with empirical process data-based modeling. More than thirty lines of batch quality control have been...

Efficient Power Recovery In LNG Regasification Plants

Mar 14, 2011
Hans E. Kimmel
Regasification plants vaporize liquefied natural gas using mainly high-pressure LNG pumps and heat exchangers. The vaporization pressure corresponds to the natural gas pipe line pressure. Due to the large temperature difference between the LNG feed and the pipe line gas, a substantial power...

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