Fossil Fuels

Energy demand in the next two decades is expected to increase by 50 percent or more driven by the engine of economic growth. In parallel, the global demand for natural gas is anticipated to grow faster than the overall demand for liquid and fossil fuels. Economical monetization of stranded reserves...

A predictive mechanical integrity (MI) program is based on the following: * Damage mechanisms that affect process equipment. * Rate at which degradation progresses. * Ability of the inspection group to identify and correct equipment damage before equipment failure. Operational temperature, pressure...

Process Automation ideas and technologies have been used sporadically for decades. However, in US refineries, automation technologies are still relatively rare. Critics of the technology will often point to complexity, high upkeep, and difficulty in changing the status quo as stumbling blocks to...

Refinery crude units often process variety of feedstocks. If properties of the feed entering the crude unit are not precisely known, it is difficult to predict how changes in the tower operating conditions will affect properties of the products. Similarly, if on-line analyzers are not available, it...

Effect of the Characteristic Dimension of Catalytic Wall Microchannels and Microslits on the Performance of Microreactors Coupling the Methane Steam Reforming and Combustion Reactions: A CFD Simulation Study G. Arzamendi 1 , I. Uriz 1 , P.M. Diéguez 1 , M. Montes 2 , M.A. Centeno 2 , J.A. Odriozola...

There are various NGL(Natural Gas Liquid) recovery units in North America which are designed to recover olefins and NGL components like ethane, propane, butanes etc by processing the off-gas from various sources like the refinery or Petrochemicals Complex. There is an increased demand to install...

Modern LNG receiving terminals are often configured with LNG piping outside of the tank impoundment area with troughs and trenches to capture any releases from such piping. The trenches and troughs are inclined to guide the spill toward a bund, sump or an area that is within impoundment walls...

CHALLENGES IN USING REFINERY FUEL GAS FEEDSTOCK FOR STEAM REFORMING BASED HYDROGEN PLANT Peter V Broadhurst & Graham Hinton (Johnson Matthey Catalysts, PO Box 1, Belasis Avenue, Billingham, Cleveland TS23 1LB, UK) ABSTRACT Operators of steam reforming based hydrogen plants are seeking feedstock...

Hydrogen is even more important to refiners than it was just a few years ago. Heavier crudes, clean fuels, and increased conversion have increased hydrogen demand. Refiners can face costly choices if forced to adjust refinery operations to respond to hydrogen availability constraints. It is...