Biofuels (Energy)

Which Fractionation Process Can Overcome Techno-Economic Hurdles of a Lignocellulosic Biorefinery?

Oct 18, 2011

Adriaan van Heiningen

Lignocellulosics are considered as feed stock for transportation fuels and chemicals because they address two pressing global issues; climate change and “peak oil”. The collection and processing of wood at centralized facilities is already practiced by the forest products industry. Therefore, the...

Acetic Acid Removal From the Hydrolysate Using Reactive Extraction In a Membrane Extractor/Reactor

Oct 18, 2011

Rahul Patil

Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires pretreatment of the biomass to hydrolyze hemicellulose, separate lignin and reduce cellulose crystallinity. During the pretreatment by dilute acid hydrolysis, several grams of acetic acid per liter of hydrolysate is generated. Acetic...

Evaluation of Membrane Separations Opportunities within Lignocellulosic Biorefining Processes: Tailoring Membrane Properties

Oct 18, 2011

Jennifer M. Leberknight

Evaluation of Membrane Separations Opportunities within Lignocellulosic Biorefining Processes: Tailoring Membrane Properties Jennifer Leberknight, Amitkumar Gautam, and Todd J. Menkhaus South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering 501 East Saint...

Cellulose Extraction From Rice Hulls Using Ionic Liquids

Oct 18, 2011

Charles J. Coronella

Over one fifth of calories consumed by humanity are from rice. Consequently, vast quantities of rice hulls are disposed of as waste, since the hull constitutes 20% of rice mass. Standard practice for disposal of rice hulls is burning, generating pollution and CO 2 , or thrown away in vast...

Effect of Column Temperature On HPLC Separation of Acetic Acid and Levulinic Acid

Oct 18, 2011

Rui Xie

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a routine method in the analysis of degradation products in the prehydrolysate or the hydrolysis liquor of lignocellulosic biomass. Cation exchange column chromatography with a metal counter ion has been used for the quantitative analysis of...

Catalytic Isomerization/Dehydration of Sugars On Functionalized CNT-Metal Oxide Hybrids At the Liquid-Liquid Interface of Water/Oil Emulsions

Oct 18, 2011

Jimmy A. Faria

The conversion of C5-C6 sugars into 2-furfural (FA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have been considered as key intermediate step in the production of transportation fuels and chemicals from ligno-cellulosic biomass. Typically, the process involves the dehydration reaction of the sugars catalyze...

Modified AnoporeTM Hybrid Membranes for the Microfiltration of Cellulose Acid Hydrolysis Mixtures

Oct 18, 2011

Yong-Hong Zhao

Three classes of nonfouling substances, poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (POEM), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), and perfluoroalkyl tagged poly(ethylene glycol) surfactants (fPEG), were covalently tethered onto the surface of Anopore TM membranes (nominal pore size 0.2...

Technoeconomic Analysis of Biomass Gasification System Utilizing Geothermal Energy for Processing

Oct 17, 2011

Song-Charng Kong

The use of biomass as a source of energy has been studied extensively inrecent years, and special attention has been paid to biomass gasification. In this study, ASPEN Plus is used to conduct technoeconomic analysis of a large biomass gasification system. A biorefinery scenario consisting of 2,000...

Catalytic Study On Lignin Degradation and Conversion Into Biofuels

Oct 17, 2011

Yulin Deng

Catalytic study on lignin degradation and conversion into biofuels Wei Mu and Yulin Deng School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and IPST at GT, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0620 Author for correspondence (e-mail: yulin.deng@chbe.gatech.edu ) As an ideal...

Effect of Pressure and Heating Rate On Biomass Devolatilization and Gasification

Oct 17, 2011

Pradeep K. Agrawal

The goal of present study is to characterize the effect of pressure and heating rate on the devolatilization behavior of different biomass species. Three biomass species (southern Pine, corn stover, and switchgrass) were studied. A combination of two complementary gasification devices are utilized...

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pulp Dissolved In N Methyl Morpholine Oxide (NMMO) and Ionic Liquids

Oct 17, 2011

Subramanian Ramakrishnan

The first step in the conversion process of biomass to biofuels or hydrogen lies in picking an environmentally friendly solvent which is capable of breaking up the crystalline microstructure of cellulose. Once the cellulose is in suspension, enzymes (cellulases) are added to the reactor to...

Biodegradation of Hardwood Lignocellulosics by the Western Poplar Clearwing Borer, Paranthrene Robiniae (Hy. Edwards)

Oct 17, 2011

Jing Ke

Plant lignin is a source of useful chemicals, and also the major barrier for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol conversion. The enzymatic lignin degradation/modification could bypass the need for chemical pretreatment and thereby facilitate bioprocess consolidation. Herein, we...

Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Wood Biomass Leading to Enhanced Enzymatic Delignification

Oct 17, 2011

Muhammad Moniruzzaman

The biological pretreatment of wood biomass for degrading lignin, a complex aromatic polymer, has received much attention as an environmentally safe or “green” process. Generally, enzymes isolated from naturally occurring fungi, or with enzymes produced by genetically engineered fungi have been...

Steam Reforming of Ethanol-Phenol Mixture As a Model for Biomass Tar

Oct 17, 2011

Guido Busca

Introduction Hydrogen is produced by biomasses through a variety of pyrolysis and gasification processes. Most of these processes are hampered by the coproduction of tars, a mixture of heavy compounds that may result in fouling of heat exchangers and reactors. A steam reforming step is needed to...

Ethanol/Water Biomass Feedstock Separation Through Inorganic A-Type Zeolite Membrane on Thin Porous Ni Sheet Support

Oct 17, 2011

Yuxiang Rao

Bio-Ethanol/water separation by fractional distillation becomes a popular industrial process to remove water from ethanol-water mixture. However, the mixture of 95.6wt% ethanol and 4.4 wt% water is an azeotrope and cannot be further purified by distillation. Alternatively, this can be achieved by...

Pyrolysis Vs. Gasification: Effect of Oxygen In Reaction Atmosphere On Biochar Properties

Oct 17, 2011

Catherine E. Brewer

Since biochar properties can vary widely depending on feedstock and processing conditions, making meaningful comparisons between biochar produced by different processes (pyrolysis, gasification, kiln carbonization) and at different locations can be difficult. Biochar characterization methods can...

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