Biofuels (Energy)

Cellulase Inhibition by Pretreatment-Released Biomass Degradation Products

Oct 18, 2011
G. Peter van Walsum
The influence of pretreatment chemistry and the severity of dilute acid pretreatment on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble oligomer-derived and insoluble crystalline cellulose using a commercial enzyme preparation (Novozymes) was investigated. A dilute acid pretreatment was performed on...

The Role of Acidic Catalyst Support On the Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oils

Oct 18, 2011
Sunya Boonyasuwat
Catalytic conversion of bio-oil vapor has attracted considerable interest as a promising pathway for upgrading. In this work, the reaction of anisole and guaiacol, phenolic model compounds commonly existing in bio-oils, were studied over an acidic silica-alumina catalyst and at varying space times...

Lignin Depolymerization and Deoxygenation In Ionic Liquids

Oct 18, 2011
Blair J. Cox
Lignin, an amorphous aromatic biopolymer that comprises up to 30% of plant matter, was dissolved and depolymerized in ionic liquids under acidic conditions. The acidic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIMCl) acts as a combination solvent and catalyst that facilitates degradation of...

An Integrated Lipid-Based Platform for “Drop-In” Fuel Biorefinery

Oct 18, 2011
Shulin Chen
A major challenge in developing biorefinery is that the availability of biomass often limits the scale of the plant thus the feasibility of an operation. We proposed an integrated lipid-based platform as one technical option. According to this concept, different biomass resources will be first...

Heterogeneous Catalysts in the Dehydration of Fructose to HMF

Oct 18, 2011
Sylvia Reiche
Several crucial steps in the upgrading of biomass-derived raw materials involve acid catalyzed reactions, such as the hydrolysis of cellulose or the dehydration of sugars. Although heterogeneous catalysts are desired in large scale industrial processes, their application is limited by several...

Reducing Process Complexity for Cellulosic Ethanol

Oct 18, 2011
L.O. Ingram
Much of the process complexity and high capital costs associate with cellulosic ethanol (dilute acid hydrolysis as a pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of cellulose) results from side products such as furfural, acetate, and soluble lignin compounds that inhibit the biocatalysts. Inhibitor...

Biomimicry of the Fungal Consolidation of Biomass Pretreatment with Saccharification

Oct 18, 2011
Justin T. Kaffenberger
Efficient breakdown of ligno-cellulosic material prior to fermentation for bio-fuel production is a key step in optimizing bio-fuel production. Current industrial practice involves chemical pretreatment and acid or enzymatic saccharification to prepare ligno-cellulosic biomass for fermentation. The...

The Role of Oxygen In the Stability of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils

Oct 18, 2011
Foster Agblevor
One of the major challenges in the conversion of biomass pyrolysis to high value products and fuels is the poor stability of the oils. Biomass pyrolysis oils have shown increases in viscosity during storage at ambient conditions and when heated above ambient temperature. The poor stability of the...

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