Biofuels (Energy)

Cellulose Extraction From Rice Hulls Using Ionic Liquids

Oct 18, 2011
Charles J. Coronella
Over one fifth of calories consumed by humanity are from rice. Consequently, vast quantities of rice hulls are disposed of as waste, since the hull constitutes 20% of rice mass. Standard practice for disposal of rice hulls is burning, generating pollution and CO 2 , or thrown away in vast...

Pyrolytic Pathways to Advanced Biofuels

Oct 18, 2011
R. C. Brown
Pyrolysis is the thermal conversion of carbonaceous materials in the absence of molecular oxygen to liquids, solids and gases. In the most general sense, pyrolysis can occur in an inert or reducing atmosphere or within a solvent (including water); it can occur at atmospheric or elevated pressure;...

Ab-Initio Study of Glycerol Dehydration Mechanisms with Explicit Solvent Treatment

Oct 18, 2011
Tim Courtney
Glycerol produced as a waste product in biodiesel production has interesting potential as a low-cost biomass-derived feedstock for chemical processing. A process of current academic and commercial interest is the acid-catalyzed dehydration of glycerol to acrolein, a valuable platform chemical. Such...

Cellulase Inhibition by Pretreatment-Released Biomass Degradation Products

Oct 18, 2011
G. Peter van Walsum
The influence of pretreatment chemistry and the severity of dilute acid pretreatment on the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble oligomer-derived and insoluble crystalline cellulose using a commercial enzyme preparation (Novozymes) was investigated. A dilute acid pretreatment was performed on...

The Role of Acidic Catalyst Support On the Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oils

Oct 18, 2011
Sunya Boonyasuwat
Catalytic conversion of bio-oil vapor has attracted considerable interest as a promising pathway for upgrading. In this work, the reaction of anisole and guaiacol, phenolic model compounds commonly existing in bio-oils, were studied over an acidic silica-alumina catalyst and at varying space times...

Lignin Depolymerization and Deoxygenation In Ionic Liquids

Oct 18, 2011
Blair J. Cox
Lignin, an amorphous aromatic biopolymer that comprises up to 30% of plant matter, was dissolved and depolymerized in ionic liquids under acidic conditions. The acidic ionic liquid 1-methylimidazolium chloride (HMIMCl) acts as a combination solvent and catalyst that facilitates degradation of...

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