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Process Safety Technical Areas

Modular Procedural Automation Addressing the Post Recession Skills Gap

Mar 23, 2010
Maurice J. Wilkins
A procedural operation consists of a set of tasks that are conducted in a set way time-after-time to achieve a certain goal such as starting or shutting down a unit or making a product. As demonstrated by Paul McKenzie (Bristol Myers Squibb) at the WBF NA Conference 2007 in Baltimore, it could even...

Modification of Risk Using Barrier Methodology

Mar 23, 2010
Robin Pitblado
Risk assessments use frequency data mostly from generic sources, typically from the North Sea offshore environment or from process facility records mainly from Europe. As QRA's are being applied increasingly in North America and in the developing world, novel techniques are necessary to establish...

Property Insurance Company Evaluation of Combustible Dust Hazards

Mar 22, 2010
Henry L. Febo
This paper will discuss some of the key factors that FM Global insurance engineering representatives use in evaluating combustible dust hazards at insured locations. The information is used to develop underwriting information but more importantly, it is the basis for guidance provided for the...

High Integrity Protective System Design Using a Risk Based Approach

Mar 22, 2010
Robert J. Stack
With the update of the High Integrity Protective System (HIPS) methodology by API in 2007, Dow Chemical updated its internal work process to apply Dow's risk based work processes to HIPS design, application and evaluation. Rather than just focusing on the vessel related consequences of substituting...

Consequence Modeling of Chlorine Release

Mar 22, 2010
Prakash Amulakh Shah
This paper describes the Consequence Modeling of Chlorine release from a Chlor Alkali plant as a part of Process Hazard Analysis. The objective was to carry out a Quantitative Risk Assessment Study of the liquid Chlorine storage area of the Chlor Alkali plant and build up in-house capability to...

How to Evaluate Process Safety Culture

Mar 22, 2010
Jerry Forest
At first glance it may seem that organizational culture is subjective and therefore difficult to measure. Indeed, even the definition of culture falls into the soft side of process safety. This paper will show that an objective approach can be taken to survey and define process safety culture. With...

Results of Root Cause Analyses of Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valve Failures

Mar 22, 2010
Julia V. Bukowski
A subset of 44 failed spring operated pressure relief valves (SORV) from a set of over 5600 Process Equipment Reliability Database (PERD) proof tests was subjected to root cause of failure analysis (RCA). This paper reports on the findings of those 44 analyses and includes specific examples of root...

Atmospheric Storage Tank Explosion Modeling

Mar 22, 2010
Jérôme Taveau
Many flammable products are usually stored in large vessels at atmospheric pressure. Ignition of an hydrocarbon-air mixture in such tanks can lead to an explosion and cause lethal casualties, as in 2006 at Partridge-Raleigh oilfield, USA, or damage the surrounding facilities and buildings. To...

Combustible Dust: A Practical Approach to Identifying and Mitigating Hazards

Mar 22, 2010
Richard C. Griffin
Combustible dust hazards are prevalent in many facilities throughout industry, including the chemical process industries. Lack of awareness and control of these hazards has led to numerous catastrophic accidents. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP has developed a practical approach to identifying...

Modeling Small Releases from Tanks

Mar 22, 2010
Fredrick H. Knack
The methodologies in the chapter on “Dispersion Modeling” in the CCPS book Guidelines for Consequence Analysis of Chemical Releases, provide means for modeling outdoors releases at relatively long distances from a large source. At times it is necessary to model releases at relatively short...

Materials as Inherent Ignition Sources for Dust Explosions During Spray Drying

Mar 22, 2010
Vincent Van den Hoogenband
During spray drying, a solution is dispersed through a nozzle in small droplets to evaporate the water by means of hot air. In a large number of these processes, organic materials are processed so three out of four factors for dust explosions to occur are already present. The only thing missing for...

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