Venting & Emergency Relief
Current industry, government and public emphasis on containment of hazardous materials make it essential for each plant to reduce and control accidental releases to the atmosphere. When primary containment measures occasionally fail, safe emergency relief and vent become essential to limit incidents’ impact.
Designing Emergency Relief Devices for Reactive Systems
Georges Melhem, Peter Howell
This guidance applies to reactive systems subject to fire-induced runaway reactions, tanks that store reactive materials, and two-phase flow of reactive materials.
What Pressure Relief Really Means
Brian D. Kelly
Poor design, inadequate maintenance, and improper operation can all lead to mechanical failure. The basic concepts of pressure relief, when understood and applied properly, can help prevent this failure
High-Fidelity Dynamic Modeling of Depressurizing Vessels and Flare Networks to Improve Safety and Reduce CAPEX
Mar 14, 2011
James Marriott
The use of dynamic modeling for relief system design can result in a considerable reduction in capital expenditure while simultaneously improving plant safety. This paper considers the application of dynamic analysis to two areas, vessel depressurization and flare network design, in order to...
Best Practice for An Evergreening Pressure Relief Systems Management Program
Mar 14, 2011
Nitin Talreja
Most oil and gas refining and petrochemical organizations have a Process Safety Management (PSM) program that stems from the requirements outlined under OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.119. Some have a very extensive program that covers most of the 14 elements of PSM and is managed via an integrated platform...
Improvement of BLEVE Overpressure Method Using Historical Data
Mar 13, 2011
Fei Chen
The current CCPS/TNO's BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) overpressure methodology is derived from that published by Baker in 1975. This methodology assumes isentropic expansion work and uses Baker's graphical method and high-explosive correlation to calculate BLVE energy and...
On the Potential of Mitigating Vapour Cloud Explosions Using Flame Inhibitors
Mar 13, 2011
Kees Van Wingerden
Very few measures are taken to mitigate the possible consequences of vapour cloud explosions. The main attention is given to prediction of the consequences, which is used to consider strengthening structurally or re-locate occupied buildings such as control rooms. However little is undertaken to...
Kinetic Modeling of the Reactions Involved in the T2 Explosion
Mar 13, 2011
Ronald J. Willey
The runaway reaction at the chemical preparation facility called T2 laboratories in Jacksonville, Florida on December 19, 2007 is analyzed. The approached involved estimating kinetic parameters based on temperature time traces presented in the CSB final report for ARSST (Advance Reactive System...
Update of “Guidelines to Vapor Cloud Explosion, Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE and Flash Fire Hazards”
Mar 22, 2010
Quentin A. Baker
The first edition of the CCPS book Guidelines to Evaluating Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fired and BLEVEs was published in 1994. Since that time there have been considerable advances in research for these types of explosions and fires, and hazard prediction methods have improved. The second...
Adjusting Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valve Proof Test Intervals Using Statistical Modeling, and Comparing the Resulting Financial Risk
Mar 22, 2010
Stephen P. Harris
A method for adjusting spring operated pressure relief valve (SORV) inspection intervals is presented based on hazard identification, financial risk assessment, fluid service, and comparison of the life-cycle testing costs. Intuitively, longer intervals between maintenance and proof testing should...
Results of Root Cause Analyses of Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valve Failures
Mar 22, 2010
Julia V. Bukowski
A subset of 44 failed spring operated pressure relief valves (SORV) from a set of over 5600 Process Equipment Reliability Database (PERD) proof tests was subjected to root cause of failure analysis (RCA). This paper reports on the findings of those 44 analyses and includes specific examples of root...
Dust or Gas Explosion: Case Study of Dryer Explosion and Design Venting
Mar 21, 2010
Scott Davis
A recent explosion occurred in a single burner, recirculating solids ring dryer. No one was reported injured as a result of the explosion, however the explosion caused significant damage to the dryer and minor damage to sections of the facility. Despite the dryer having been designed with seven...
Fires, Explosions and Reactive Chemicals
Apr 27, 2009
James VanOmmeren, Lina R. Saenz
The analysis, prevention, protection and mitigation of fire, explosion, and reactivity hazards continue to be important to the loss prevention community. This session contains papers that identify, characterize, or offer design and operational guidance on fire, explosion and reactivity hazards...
Safe Design and Operation of Process Vents and Emission Control Systems
March, 2006
Process vent header collection systems are subject to continually varying compositions and flow rates and thus present significant challenges for safe design. Due to increasingly demanding safety, health, environmental, and property protection requirements, today's industrial designers are faced...
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