Designing Resilient Engineered Systems
Susan M. Mitchell
By viewing resiliency as a property of complex systems, it may be possible to develop resilient systems that can withstand unanticipated failures without disastrous consequences.
Safe Design
Safe design of processes must consider the full spectrum of design and risk management opportunities ranging from reducing potential consequences via Inherently Safer Design (ISD) to reducing risk through process and job design. Since ISD can be robust and reliable, it is a good place to start. Also, check out this article on Remote Isolation and Shut Off.
Predesign with Safety in Mind
Gael D. Ulrich, Palligarnai T. Vasudevan
This article will help you develop strong safety instincts that will guide you in making critical decisions in the preliminary design phase.
Inherently Safer Design – Not Only about Reducing Consequences!
Mar 14, 2011
Dennis C. Hendershot
Process risk is a function of both the likelihood of occurance of an incident, and of the consequences of the incident. There is a common perception that inherently safer design focuses solely on reducing or eliminating the consequences. However, inherently safer design can also focus on the...
Using the HAZOP Study and LOPA to Generate Ideas for Inherently Safer Designs
Mar 14, 2011
Steven T. Maher
Fundamental changes in a chemical process are most cost-effective at early stages of a design, and specific Inherently Safer Design evaluations are frequently performed at these early stages to identify fundamental improvements that can signicantly decrease the magnitude of the consequences...
Inherent Safety In Front End Engineering
Mar 14, 2011
Ian Sutton
The best time to apply the principles of inherent safety is during the early stages of a design. In particular it is at the early stages that the ?Eliminate? option is best applied. For example, in the early stages of one design the process engineers had come up with a system of three knockout...
An Analysis of CSB Investigation Reports for Inherent Safety Learnings
Mar 14, 2011
Paul R. Amyotte
The Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is an independent, nonregulatory federal organization in the United States dedicated to investigating serious accidents in the chemical industry. Accidents are investigated by a team of CSB employees and from the evidence collected a list of...
Inherently Safer Acids - A Case Study on the Application of Polyelectrolytes
Mar 14, 2011
Elliot M. Wolf
Strong acids, such as aqueous hydrochloric acid, are commonly used in the chemical process industry to purify streams or remove particulates from raw material, product, and waste streams. The benefits of HCl are its' low cost, large dissociation constant, and stability over time. However, the...
Implementation of PSM In Capital Projects
Mar 14, 2011
Charles A. Soczek
It is critical to embed Process Safety Management in the capital project system to help achieve a safe start-up. This is the foundation for assuring safe operations throughout the life of the process, especially in the construction of facilities for high process hazards. Today's PSM system,...
High-Fidelity Dynamic Modeling of Depressurizing Vessels and Flare Networks to Improve Safety and Reduce CAPEX
Mar 14, 2011
James Marriott
The use of dynamic modeling for relief system design can result in a considerable reduction in capital expenditure while simultaneously improving plant safety. This paper considers the application of dynamic analysis to two areas, vessel depressurization and flare network design, in order to...
Making Existing Process Plants Inherently Safer
Mar 14, 2011
Victor H. Edwards
Making process plants inherently safer has obvious advantages and is easiest to do when designing a new plant. Modification of existing plants to make them inherently safer can often be much more difficult and costly, including any costs due to lost production. However, an inherently safer design...
Kinetic Modeling of the Reactions Involved in the T2 Explosion
Mar 13, 2011
Ronald J. Willey
The runaway reaction at the chemical preparation facility called T2 laboratories in Jacksonville, Florida on December 19, 2007 is analyzed. The approached involved estimating kinetic parameters based on temperature time traces presented in the CSB final report for ARSST (Advance Reactive System...
A Conceptual Approach to the Evaluation of Layers of Protection for Inherently Safer System Design
Mar 13, 2011
J. Wayne Chastain
First order inherently safer technology (IST) involves the elimination of a hazard through one of four traditional approaches. While these methods are recognized as preferred means of addressing chemical facility hazards, all hazards cannot be removed through the use of these methods due to...
Inherently Safer Reactor Design for Complex Reactions Based On Calorimetry Studies
Mar 13, 2011
Alba Lucia Pineda
A number of reactive processes of the agrochemical, fine-chemicals and pharmaceutical industries involve thermally unstable and/or toxic reactants, products or intermediates, for which the chemistry, thermochemistry and thermodynamic properties are barely known. They frequently employ multipurpose...
On the Potential of Mitigating Vapour Cloud Explosions Using Flame Inhibitors
Mar 13, 2011
Kees Van Wingerden
Very few measures are taken to mitigate the possible consequences of vapour cloud explosions. The main attention is given to prediction of the consequences, which is used to consider strengthening structurally or re-locate occupied buildings such as control rooms. However little is undertaken to...
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