Elements of Process Safety
The four pillars and the twenty elements of risk based process safety can be designed and implemented at varying levels of rigor to optimize process safety management, performance, efficiency, and effectiveness.
CEP: Process Safety Beacon - Hot Work Hazards
A contract welder and a foreman were repairing an agitator support on top of an atmospheric-pressure storage tank. The tank contained a polyvinyl fluoride slurry with a flammable concentration if vinyl fluoride in the vapor space. An explosion...
More LOPA Misapplied: Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
Apr 4, 2012
Karen Study
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) continues to be more and more widely utilized in the Petrochemical and other industries. LOPA is a “simplified” tool, which is true relative to tools such as Quantitative Risk Assessment and Fault Tree Analysis. However, simplified does not mean simple on an...
Inter-linkages between Process Safety and APELL for Accident Prevention- Spanish
Apr 4, 2012
Nestor H. Sposito
Interrelacion Entre Process Safety y el Proceso APELL para la prevecion de accidentes.
The optimum design of LNG tank farm layout
Apr 4, 2012
Yifei Meng
The optimum design of LNG tank farm layout
Applying Inherently Safer Technology and Safer Design Strategies to Reduce Societal Risk in the Chemical Supply Chain
Apr 4, 2012
George Famini
Increasing the safety and security within the chemical supply chain has been a concern of the US government for several years. Both the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have active efforts to reduce societal risk of a toxic industrial chemical...
Explosions in Transformer and Circuit-Breaker Tanks Due to Arcing Events
Apr 4, 2012
Timothy L. Morse
Industrial transformers and circuit breakers operate with large voltage differences between current-carrying internal components and the grounded tank walls. A breakdown in the dielectric strength of the insulating oil in the tank due to contamination or other causes can lead to the formation of an...
Process Safety Management Mentoring: Subjects to Convey and the Methods for Conveying
Apr 4, 2012
Clyde W. Young
Process Safety Management Mentoring: Subjects to Convey and the Methods for Conveying Many organizations have developed competency descriptions at various levels for personnel. These competencies generally start at awareness level and progress to more advanced levels. Process safety competency at...
Using the Integrated Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) Study / Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) Methodology As a Value Engineering Tool
Apr 4, 2012
Kristin D. Norton
While Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) can be an essential element of process facility design to minimize the potential for process incidents, in some cases they can also be over-applied in the design phases of capital projects where the Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs) associated with the SIS...
Flash Fire From a Hot Combustible Liquid
Apr 4, 2012
Russell A. Ogle
A truck driver loading a tanker was fatally injured in a flash fire. The accident occurred at the loading rack of a petroleum refinery. The truck driver was on top of the tank trailer loading a liquid petroleum byproduct material similar to asphalt through an open hatch on the trailer. The material...
Proven in Use (What's the Quality of Your Data)
Apr 4, 2012
Harold W. Thomas
To perform LOPA's, fault tree analysis, SIL verifications and other quantitative likelihood analyses requires data. As much as everyone wants data, it always seems to be elusive or lacking in quality. This paper explores various issues that the authors have experienced when dealing with end user...
Characteristics of the Vapour Cloud Explosion Incident At the IOC Terminal in Jaipur, 29th October 2009
Apr 4, 2012
D. Michael Johnson
At approximately 6:10pm on 29 th October 2009, a leak of gasoline occurred on the Indian Oil Corporation's (IOC) Petroleum Oil Lubricants Terminal at Jaipur, India. This leak continued for some 75 minutes, when the vapour cloud ignited, resulting in a severe vapour cloud explosion (VCE) followed by...
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