Elements of Process Safety

LOPA, as a semi-quantitative analysis, often provides inconsistent results. This can be due to physical differences between units but often it is due to team's perceptual differences. Initiating event frequency evaluation using guidance tables is more consistent than consequence evaluation where...

Enabling conditions and conditional modifiers are some of the most contentious factors used in Layer of Protection Analysis. Enabling conditions are situations which must occur simultaneous with a given initiating event to allow the specific cause for a scenario to propagate to a consequence of...

Acetic acid is not a chemical covered by the OSHA PSM regulation, as its flash point is above the 100 F threshold for flammables; however, it is by no means a non-hazardous chemical. Eastman Chemical Company has a large number of processes containing acetic acid and related organic acids, and as a...

Steam generation is an integral part of most chemical process plants; however, the steam plant often is or can be overlooked in the area of hazard analysis. The reasons for this oversight are obvious: steam generation is considered to be an old and well understood process, and steam boiler systems...

Distillation is one of the most common unit operations in the chemical processing industry. Using relative volatility as a means of separating chemicals involves adding large amounts of energy to the system at the base of the column, typically through the use of a reboiler, and then removing that...

Properly specifying electrical equipment for hazardous (classified) areas requires information about certain properties of the materials anticipated to be present. While it is a straight-forward procedure to test a product or stored intermediate in order to establish a Group designation, testing is...

This session presents advancements in LNG safety in LNG baseload and receiving terminals, LNG ships and other related areas. LNG Vapor Dispersion Consequence Modeling with CFD Codes ·<span style="&'font:" 7pt="" 'times="" new="" roman';&'=""> Have You Considered High-Pressure LNG...

The new CCPS Guidelines for Establishing Risk Criteria will be published in mid-2009. This session includes papers regarding the development and application of risk criteria to improve a company's risk profile. Topics also include experience and examples with risk apportionment, international...

Hazard identification and risk assessment continue to be a critical part of the process safety efforts in process plants. Papers highlighting methods, tools and examples of successful application or lessons learned from misapplication in a plant environment are presented. Please Note : Applications...