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Understand Hazard & Risk

The foundation of a risk-based approach which will allow an organization to use this information to allocate limited resources in the most effective manner.

Quantitative Risk Assessment Case Study for Organic Acid Processes

Mar 21, 2010
R. Wayne Garland
Acetic acid is not a chemical covered by the OSHA PSM regulation, as its flash point is above the 100 F threshold for flammables; however, it is by no means a non-hazardous chemical. Eastman Chemical Company has a large number of processes containing acetic acid and related organic acids, and as a...

LOPA and Human Reliability – Human Errors and Human IPLs

Mar 21, 2010
Bill Bridges
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is a simplified risk assessment method that provides an order of magnitude estimate of the risk of a potential accident scenario. Humans can be the cause on an accident scenario (the Initiating Event [IE]) or human can serve as an independent protection layer (...

Assessing the Burning Rate of Solid Oxidizers

Mar 21, 2010
Elizabeth C. Buc
A method for assigning solid oxidizers and products containing oxidizers to an NFPA Class was developed. The method consists of two reaction-to-fire tests: a bench-scale screening test with thirty gram piles and an intermediate-scale fire exposure test with twenty four pounds of material in...

Instrumented Protective Systems for Distillation Operations

Mar 21, 2010
Jennifer Mize
Distillation is one of the most common unit operations in the chemical processing industry. Using relative volatility as a means of separating chemicals involves adding large amounts of energy to the system at the base of the column, typically through the use of a reboiler, and then removing that...

LOPA – Going Down the Wrong Path

Mar 21, 2010
Robert F. Wasileski
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) has quickly gained acceptance in the Chemical Processing Industries (CPI), and has risen to be one of the leading risk assessment techniques used for process safety studies. LOPA generally employs more rigor and science than what is encountered with qualitative...

HAZOP, LOPA, SIL: Be Careful What You Ask for!

Mar 21, 2010
Mike Broadribb
In recent years Process Safety Engineers have promoted the use of HAZOP to identify hazards and assess safeguards, followed by LOPA to identify if additional protection layers are necessary and, if they are to be provided using safety instrumented functions, how reliable the SIFs need to be...

Fire Study of Melting Fiberglass Using FLUENT CFD Software

Mar 21, 2010
Steve G. Rochelle
Thermal insulation is used in chemical plants primarily as a tool to prevent energy loss. However, if installed properly, an added benefit is that of allowing the use of smaller relief valves when designing relief systems in the fire case. The study described in this report was initiated to...

Case Histories and Lessons Learned

Apr 29, 2009
Delmar Morrison, Mark Kaszniak, Scott Davis
Reviews of process safety incidents and near misses provide valuable learning opportunities. Papers dealing with incidents, near misses, and the lessons learned are presented. Please Note : Case Histories and Lessons Learned -- Spring Meeting 2009 includes the following recorded presentations: ·...

Risk Criteria

Apr 29, 2009
Fred Henselwood, Wayne Chastain
The new CCPS Guidelines for Establishing Risk Criteria will be published in mid-2009. This session includes papers regarding the development and application of risk criteria to improve a company's risk profile. Topics also include experience and examples with risk apportionment, international...

Managing Organizational Change

Apr 29, 2009
George Melham, John Wincek, Paul Davidson
Management of Change has long been recognized as a fundamental cornerstone of a process safety program. Through the years, most companies have evolved a mature system to manage technical changes -- equipment, materials, and technology -- in their facilities. In recent years, the effects of, and...

Food and Consumer Products Process Hazards

Apr 28, 2009
Catherine Kollhoff, Guy Colonna, John Bresland
The Food and Consumer Products area has significant hazards and risks from dust and flammable liquid explosions as well as from toxic releases. Moreover, the Montreal Protocol for the removal of Ozone Depleting incudes papers on the identification, prevention, control, and management of hazards and...

Hazard Evaluations and Layer of Protection Analyses

Apr 28, 2009
Bill Bridges, Gerald N. Evenson, Mark Kaszniak
Process hazard analyses (PHAs) and their extension into LOPAs and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) determinations continue to be central to loss prevention efforts. This session contains presentations related to identifying hazards, developing scenarios, determining the adequacy of safeguards, and...

Tools to Identify Hazards

Apr 27, 2009
Delmar Morrison, Fred Henselwood
Personnel involved with day-to-day plant operations maintain an important role in the hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) process. These individuals are often the first to identify hazardous process conditions in an operating environment. Papers in to this session focus on tools and...

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