While Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) can be an essential element of process facility design to minimize the potential for process incidents, in some cases they can also be over-applied in the design phases of capital projects where the Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs) associated with the SIS...
An Emergency Block Valves (EBV) is used as a means of isolating flammable or toxic substances in the event of a leak or fire. The installation, and use, of EBV's in many hydrocarbon services will significantly reduce the potential of fire and explosion damages caused by loss of hydrocarbon...
In 16 th century London, a statement that describes impossibility was referred to as a “black swan” because all historical records of swans up to that time had reported that swans only had white feathers. The Greek philosopher Aristotle first used the term “white swan” as an example of necessary...
Acetylene is produced as a by-product during the pyrolysis cracking of hydrocarbons in ethylene plant furnaces. Typically the acceptable acetylene contaminant level in the polymer grade ethylene product is in the range of 1 ppmv or lower. Since acetylene will fractionate with ethylene, it needs to...
The process safety management in an industrial plant is a critical success factor for companies integrated in a global market. The equipments should have maximized performance and operational runlenght without compromising process safety. The challenge for excellence performance drives companies to...
The advanced software (FAHTS) and (USFOS) enhances the capabilities of risk evaluations and fire simulations regarding survivability of offshore drilling structures. Coupling industry leading 3D Computerized Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software packages with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), permits the...
Industry is increasingly moving towards utilizing High Integrity Protective Systems (HIPS) to reduce flare loading and prevent the environmental impact of pressure venting. HIPS are becoming the option of choice to help alleviate the need to replace major portions of the flare system in existing...