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Technical Presentations

Designing LNG Vapor Dispersion Exclusion Zones to Protect the Public

Apr 5, 2012
Jerry Havens
The LNG industry, if not the entire energy industry, may be at a crossroad. Expectation of large shale gas supplies in the United States, with a backdrop of international economies in precarious states, makes more uncertain the promise of major investments in LNG import facilities. Already, a...

Impact of Guidelines for Independent Protection Layers and Initiating Events

Apr 4, 2012
J. Wayne Chastain
Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) was introduced about 15 years ago as a simplified risk assessment method between HAZOP (Process Hazard Analysis [PHA]) and quantitative risk assessment (QRA). This introduction was timely; LOPA was quickly adopted world-wide. The rules for independent protection...

On the Catastrophic Explosion of the AZF Plant in Toulouse (September 21, 2001)

Apr 4, 2012
Georges Guiochon
On the Catastrophic Explosion of the AZF plant in Toulouse (September 21, 2001) Georges Guiochon and Laurent Jacob Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1600, USA During the morning of September 21, 2001, a warehouse containing ca. 300 metric tons of production...

Evaluation of Dispersion Models for LNG Siting Applications

Apr 4, 2012
Andrew Kohout
The federal safety standards for LNG facilities under 49 CFR Part 193 approves the use of specific dispersion models for performing vapor-gas dispersion exclusion zones. In addition, provisions allow for the use of alternative models if approved by PHMSA. In 2010, PHMSA, in consultation with FERC,...

Two Incompetent Workers; Too Close for Comfort ñ Part 1

Apr 4, 2012
Mike Broadribb
Learning from experience is one of the four pillars of Risk-Based Process Safety. Incidents that occur at one facility often provide opportunities to strengthen management systems at other facilities. Sharing the technical lessons learned from incidents is morally right and vital to improving...

Using LOPA to Establish SILs for Power Outage Protection

Apr 4, 2012
Carlos A. Barrera
Catastrophic incident root causes often may be correlated with power outages. An unanticipated power outage may be an initiating event that leads to a process upset or even an emergency shutdown of a process unit. If the planning and implementation of the emergency shutdown are managed incorrectly...

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