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February 2007, Vol. 103, No. 2
In This Issue
COVER STORY
Apply an Integrated Approach to Catalytic Process Design
To ensure a practical, efficient and economically viable process, first consider how a successful catalytic reaction system would work, then focus on making a catalyst with the desired characteristics.
James Nehlsen, Mitrajit Mukherjee and Richard V. Porcelli
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Controlling Emissions During Cold Furnace Startup
High carbon monoxide emissions from a furnace while its temperature is being ramped up can exceed permit limits if appropriate measures are not taken. Here are a few suggestions.
Charles E. Baukal, Jr., Jianhui Hong, Wes Bussman and Richard T. Waibel
SAFETY
Use LOPA to Determine Protective System Requirements
This article explains how to use layers of protection analysis (LOPA) to evaluate various process safeguards, determine if safety instrumented functions are required, and establish what safety integrity levels are needed to reduce risks to tolerable levels.
W. Kent Goddard
CRITICAL ISSUES FORUM
Efficient Technology Evaluation
To stay competitive in today's economic climate, rapid and effective assessments of new technologies is a must. Requiring a minimal amount of data, this powerful method can effectively evaluate new ideas and research programs at an early stage before incurring any significant expenses.
Reuel Shinnar and Francesco Citro